# \*188 (buṭnu) > commodity ideogram, a Pistacia/terebinth product (resin, mastic or nuts) A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier. - Reading: buṭnu - Confidence: Probable. Fits the word’s contexts and has a close external comparison, without an independent control. - Root: [\*buṭm(-at)-]() 'terebinth, pistachio' - Kind: Commodity - Language: Semitic - Signs: \*188 - Rank: #40 of the top 100 ## Compared forms - Akkadian: *buṭnu* — buṭnu 'terebinth' (CAD B 358); buṭuttu A 'pistachio tree, wood, nut' (CAD B 359) - Hebrew: *boṭnîm* — boṭnîm 'pistachio nuts', among the choice products of the land sent down to Egypt, Gen 43:11 (HALOT 121) ## Attestations - [HT 8b](): SU-PU₂-\*188 1 - [HT 15](): \*188 KI-RO 400 - [HT 16](): \*188+KU ³⁄₈ - [HT 20](): \*188+KU ¹⁄₂ - [HT 26b](): \*188-\*86 7 - [HT 56a](): \*188 - [HT 98b](): \]\*188\[ — terebinth/pistachio products - [HT 103](): \*188 13 — commodity ideogram, a Pistacia/terebinth product - [HT 123+124b](): \*188 1 — Pistacia/terebinth product(?) - [HTW 231b](): \*188 — terebinth/pistachio products - [HT Wa 1021](): \*188-DU - [HT Wb 229](): \*188 CYP+D - [HT Wc 3009](): \*333-DI-SU-KA \*188 - [HT Wc 3013](): \*188 — terebinth/pistachio products - [HT Wc 3020](): \*188-DU \*304+PA CYP+D - [PSI Za 1](): \*188-DU-SE - [KH Wc 2056](): \*337+\*188 - [KH Wc 2057](): \*337+\*188 - [KH Wc 2058](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2059](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2060](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2061](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2062](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2091](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2092](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2097](): \*86+'\*188' - [KH Wc 2109](): \*86+\*188 - [KH Wc 2117](): \*86+'\*188' ## Commentary HT 123+124b, damaged, has three forms: *188-*308 11, *188 1 and *188-DU 10, quantities with no recoverable relation. *308, pressed oil, also follows OLIV on HT 123+124a. *188 stands with VIN on HT 98b, on the Khania roundels, and as *188-DU-SE on PSI Za 1, a ritual text. buṭnu, a Pistacia product: Heb. boṭnîm 'pistachio nuts' (Gen 43:11; HALOT 121), Akk. buṭnu 'terebinth' (CAD B 358), Arb. buṭm 'terebinth, its fruit' (Lane 219). Ebla writes the word bù-da-ma-tim and GIŠ.EŠ₁₁ = buₓ-du-du 'pistachio' (GlOS 1, 131), and has bu₃-du-du as a name (Pagan 1998, row 1278). Weak point: PA₃-*188 (HT 8b) supports a b-initial reading only with PA₃ as a phonetic complement, and Soldani's derivation of *188 from CH 009 (Ferrara, Montecchi and Valério 2022, 96) fixes neither the commodity nor its name. Twenty-eight attestations. ## Same root - [\*188-\*308]() (buṭnu šamni) - [PA₃-\*188]() (bu-buṭnu) ## References - Reading: di Mino - Ferrara, Silvia; Montecchi, Barbara; Valério, Miguel (2022), The Relationship between Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A: A Palaeographic and Structural Approach. Pasiphae,16,Fabrizio Serra Editore,81–109 - HALOT: Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Stamm, Johann Jakob; Richardson, M. E. J. (trans. and ed.) (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, vols. I–IV. E. J. Brill, Leiden · New York · Köln - Pagan, Joseph M. (1998), Ebla Electronic Corpus: Onomastic Data Base. Undena Publications (1998 disk); HTML edition by G. Buccellati, IIMAS / Cybernetica Mesopotamica (2012) - Lane: Lane, Edward William (1863), An Arabic-English Lexicon. Williams and Norgate, London - CAD B: Oriental Institute (A. Leo Oppenheim and Erica Reiner, eds.) (1965), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. 2, B. The Oriental Institute, Chicago; J. J. Augustin, Glückstadt - GlOS 1: Sanmartín, Joaquín (2019), A Glossary of Old Syrian, Volume 1: ʔ – ḳ. Languages of the Ancient Near East 8/1,Eisenbrauns (Pennsylvania State University Press), University Park --- Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/*188/ Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.