# \*401 (ruqqû) > aromatic preparation, compounded ointment—commodity ideogram for perfumed/refined oil products A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier. - Reading: ruqqû - Confidence: Probable. Fits the word’s contexts and has a close external comparison, without an independent control. - Root: [\*rVḳVḥ-]() 'to mix aromatics, compound ointment' 1, 'perfumer, ointment-mixer' 2 - Kind: Commodity - Language: Semitic - Signs: \*401 - Rank: #42 of the top 100 ## Compared forms - Akkadian: *ruqqû* — ruqqû 'to prepare perfume'; ruqqû adj. 'perfumed (oil)' (CAD R 420); raqqû 'oil presser, perfume maker' (CAD R 173) - Ugaritic: 𐎗𐎖𐎈 *rqḥ* — rqḥ 'perfumer, druggist', in šmn rqḥ 'perfumer's oil', KTU 4.91:5 (DULAT 734); rqḥ 'perfume, ointment' (DULAT 735) - Hebrew: *rōqaḥ* — rōqaḥ 'mixture of ointments'; reqaḥ 'spice mixture' (HALOT 1290); šemen mišḥat-qōdeš rōqaḥ, Exod 30:25 - Phoenician: 𐤓𐤒𐤇 *rqḥ* — rqḥ 'ointment mixer, perfumer'; rqḥ 'ointment, perfume, spice' (Krahmalkov 447) ## Attestations - [KH 12](): \*401+\*304 ¹⁄₅ - [KH 31](): \*401+\[ \] - [KH 63](): \*401+RU 𐝉𐝫 - [KH 83](): 15 \*401+RU - [KH 84](): \*401+RU - [KH 85](): \*401+RU ¹⁄₁₆ - [KH 91](): \]\*401+RU ¹⁄₁₆ - [KH 18](): \*401+\[ \] - [KH 68+71](): \*401+\[ \] 𐝉𐝫 - [HT 33](): SA-RA₂ \*401+\*304 - [MI 2](): \]\[?\]-\[?\] \*401+RA\[ - [KN Zg 57a](): \*401+RO \*401+RO \*401+\*304 \*401+RU \*418+L2 \[…\] \[…\] \[…\] \[…\] NI \[…\] \[…\] \[…\] \[…\] VAS \[…\] \[…\] ## Commentary A commodity ideogram with three riders and a compound: +RU on seven documents (KH 12 twice, KH 63, KH 83, KH 84, KH 85, KH 91, KN Zg 57a), +RO on KH 31 and KN Zg 57a (twice), +RA on KH 91 and MI 2, and +*304 on HT 33, KH 12 and KN Zg 57a. KH 91 writes +RU beside +RA and KN Zg 57a +RU beside +RO, so they are distinct products. √r-q-ḥ 'mix aromatics, compound ointment': Akk. ruqqû 'perfumed (oil)' (CAD R 420); Heb. rōqēaḥ 'perfumer' (BDB 955), riqqūḥîm 'perfumes' (Isa 57:9); Ug. rqḥ 'perfumer' (DULAT 734). +RU names refined oil by the ru- of ruqqû, +RO compounded ointment by the rō- of rōqaḥ (HALOT 1290), and +*304 (pidru) a fat-based aromatic. The ideogram keeps company with CYP (cyperus), OLE, *308 (šamnu) and *304, the aromatic and oil register, and its fractions (¹⁄₅, ¹⁄₁₆) suit a concentrate. Nine of its twelve documents are from Khania, as Mycenaean perfumery centred on Pylos (PY Un 267). +RA writes the ra- of raqḥ 'spice mixture' (Heb. reqaḥ, HALOT 1290), as on VIN+RA. Weak point: both +RA witnesses, KH 91 and MI 2, break off after the rider. See RO-QA. ## Same root - [\*401+RU]() - [OLE+RI]() (riqqu) - [VIN+RA]() (raqḥ) - [RO-KE]() (rōqēaḥ) - [RO-QA]() (rōqaḥ) ## References - Reading: di Mino - KTU: Dietrich, Manfried; Loretz, Oswald; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2013), Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten / The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU³). Ugarit-Verlag, Münster (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 360/1); ISBN 978-3-86835-014-2 - Krahmalkov: Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000), A Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Peeters (Leuven) - HALOT: Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Stamm, Johann Jakob; Richardson, M. E. J. (trans. and ed.) (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, vols. I–IV. E. J. Brill, Leiden · New York · Köln - DULAT: del Olmo Lete, Gregorio; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2015), A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Brill, Leiden/Boston (Handbook of Oriental Studies 1/112); Third Revised Edition, tr. and ed. Wilfred G.E. Watson; 2 parts - CAD R: Oriental Institute (Erica Reiner and Martha T. Roth, eds.) (1999), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. 14, R. The Oriental Institute, Chicago - BDB: Brown, Francis; Driver, S. R.; Briggs, Charles A. (1907), A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, with an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic. Houghton Mifflin Company --- Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/*401/ Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.