# A-SA-MU-NE (ʾAšmūn) > Eshmun (healing deity) A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier. - Reading: ʾAšmūn - Confidence: Probable. Fits the word’s contexts and has a close external comparison, without an independent control. - Root: [\*šam(a)n-]() 'fat (also oil)' - Kind: Divine - Language: Semitic - Signs: A (a) · SA (sa) · MU (mu) · NE (ne) - Rank: #67 of the top 100 ## Compared forms - Phoenician: ʾšmn ʾEšmūn, god of Sidon and of healing: bt lʾšmn 'a temple for Eshmun' (KAI 14:16–17; KAI 15–16); ʾšmn mʾrḥ 'Eshmun the Host', who healed the dedicant (KAI 66:1–2) (Krahmalkov 2000, 82–84) - Punic: ʾšmn in names from Sidon, Cyprus, Sardinia, Carthage, Spain and Italy: ʾšmnytn 'Eshmun has given', ʾšmnʿzr 'Eshmun, help!', ʾšmnʾdn 'Eshmun is lord', ʿbdʾšmn 'servant of Eshmun' (Benz 1972, 70–73, 278–279) - Ugaritic: šmn (III) DN Šamnu, the noun 'oil' as a god's name, two birds l šmn 'for Šamnu' (KTU 1.164:9; Pardee 2002, 75, 283), the later Eshmun (DULAT 817) - Akkadian: ᵈIa-su-mu-nu beside ᵈMi-il-qar-tu in Esarhaddon's treaty with Baal of Tyre (SAA 2 5 r. iv 14′); ᵈIa-su-mu-na (SAA 2 2 r. vi 22); /ʾAsmūn/ (Krahmalkov 2000, 82) ## Attestations - [ZA Zb 3](): DI-DI-KA-SE A-SA-MU-NE A-SE — the deity Eshmun ## Commentary ZA Zb 3 (Zakros, LM IB), with VIN 32, an offering context. The skeleton (ʾ)-š-m-n is Eshmun, the Sidonian healing god, Ph. ʾšmn; the initial a is archaic, ʾAšmūn, as Assyrian ᵈIa-su-mu-nu keeps it (SAA 2 5 r. iv 14′; Krahmalkov 2000, 82). The name is šmn 'oil': Ugarit already has the god as šmn Šamnu, the noun as a name (Pardee 2002, 283), the later Eshmun (DULAT 817). Eshmun is a Phoenician god carried abroad from his cult centre at Sidon, and theophoric names are common in Linear A accounts. Rivals: šamnu 'oil, fat' as a commodity; *ṯamāniy- 'eight', Eshmun as the eighth son of Sadykos (Brown 1995, 36); Woudhuizen's Akkadian assammû 'a large drinking vessel' (2016, 229–230; CAD A/2 339–340), the pithos's own name. PK Za 12 A-NE is damaged between A and NE, with no sign loss established; a restoration there favours A-[KO-A]-NE (PK Za 11) over A-[SA-MU]-NE. One attestation. See OLE and *308. ## Same root - [\*308]() (šamnu) - [OLE]() - [\*188-\*308]() (buṭnu šamni) ## In the onomasticon - [A-SA-MU-NE](): God or goddess, Semitic ## References - Reading: di Mino - KAI: Donner, Herbert; Röllig, Wolfgang (2002), Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. Band 1. Harrassowitz - KTU: Dietrich, Manfried; Loretz, Oswald; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2013), Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten / The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU³). Ugarit-Verlag, Münster (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 360/1); ISBN 978-3-86835-014-2 - Krahmalkov: Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000), A Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Peeters (Leuven) - Pardee, Dennis (2002), Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Society of Biblical Literature - CAD A/2: Oriental Institute (A. Leo Oppenheim, ed.) (1968), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. A/2. - Benz, Frank L. (1972), Personal Names in the Phoenician and Punic Inscriptions. Studia Pohl 8,Biblical Institute Press - DULAT: del Olmo Lete, Gregorio; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2015), A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Brill, Leiden/Boston (Handbook of Oriental Studies 1/112); Third Revised Edition, tr. and ed. Wilfred G.E. Watson; 2 parts - Brown, John Pairman (1995), Israel and Hellas. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 231,Walter de Gruyter --- Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/A-SA-MU-NE/ Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.