# A-TI-RU (ʿAttiru)

> ʿAttiru, personal name, the nisbe 'man of ʿAṯtar'; rival ʿatīru 'entreated'

A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier.

- Reading: ʿAttiru
- Confidence: Speculative. A proposed reading on a word too rare to test. Most occur only once.
- Root: [\*ʕaṯtar-](<https://linear-a.ai/roots/3775/index.md>) 'ʕAṯtar (astral god)'
- Kind: Personal name
- Language: Semitic
- Signs: A (a) · TI (ti) · RU (ru)
- Rank: Amorite-linked appendix

## Compared forms

- Ugaritic: ʿṯtr ʿAṯtaru, Venus-star god (KTU 1.6 i 54-65)
- Akkadian: Ištar (i-vocalism of the same DN)
- Amorite: Aštar divine element (Gelb AS 21; cuneiform š for /ṯ/); assimilated Attar in [A]t-ta-ri-ša-du-u[q] (Huffmon 1965, 173)
- Sabaic: ʿṯtr, chief deity of the South Arabian pantheon
- Hebrew: ʿAštōret (feminine, post-merger shape—contrast case)

## Attestations

- [ZA 4a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/ZA4a/index.md>): A-TI-RU 4 — personal name (ʿAṯtar theophoric), 4 units

## Commentary

ZA 4a, a Zakros tablet: a roster slot of 4 units, directly before the personal name JA-PA. ʿAṯtar with ṯt assimilated to tt, as in Amorite [A]t-ta-ri-ša-du-u[q] (Huffmon 1965, 173: "perhaps an assimilated form representing *Attar"); the geminate is unwritten and ʿayin rides the plain vowel sign. Canaanite merged ṯ with š only after the Bronze Age. The i has precedent in the family's Akk. Ištar (CAD I/J 271; PS *ʕaṯtart-), where Ebla keeps aš-dar, or marks the nisbe ʿAttirī, which the roster slot favors. Rival: ʿatīru 'entreated' (√ʿ-t-r; Gen 25:21 wayyēʿāter; HALOT 905), which fits a-ti-ru as written.

## In the onomasticon

- [A-TI-RU](<https://linear-a.ai/names/A-TI-RU/index.md>): Personal name, Semitic

## References

- Reading: di Mino; Huffmon 1965; CAD I/J; HALOT
- KTU: Dietrich, Manfried; Loretz, Oswald; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2013), Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten / The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU³). Ugarit-Verlag, Münster (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 360/1); ISBN 978-3-86835-014-2
- AS 21: Gelb, Ignace J. (1980), Computer-aided Analysis of Amorite. Assyriological Studies 21,The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
- APNM: Huffmon, Herbert B. (1965), Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts: A Structural and Lexical Study. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore
- HALOT: Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Stamm, Johann Jakob; Richardson, M. E. J. (trans. and ed.) (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, vols. I–IV. E. J. Brill, Leiden · New York · Köln
- CAD I/J: Oriental Institute (A. Leo Oppenheim, ed.) (1960), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. 7, I and J. The Oriental Institute, Chicago

---

Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/A-TI-RU/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.