# KU-RO (kull)

> total, sum (accounting term)

A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier.

- Reading: kull
- Confidence: Confirmed. The function is fixed inside the corpus (position, arithmetic, commodity signs). The etymology may still be a proposal.
- Root: [\*kʷall-](<https://linear-a.ai/roots/2418/index.md>) 'all' 1, 'to complete, make perfect' 2, 'to surround, encircle; to crown' 3
- Kind: Administrative
- Language: Semitic
- Signs: KU (ku) · RO (ro)
- Rank: #1 of the top 100
- First proposed by Cyrus H. Gordon, Evidence for the Minoan Language (1966), §117, §118

## Compared forms

- Eblaite: gú-lu-ma kull=um=ma, kul-a kullat 'totality' (GlOS 1, 305)

## Attestations

- [HT 9a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT9a/index.md>): KU-RO 31 ³⁄₄ — total
- [HT 9b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT9b/index.md>): KU-RO 24 — total
- [HT 11a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT11a/index.md>): KU-RO 10 — total
- [HT 11b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT11b/index.md>): KU-RO 180 — total
- [HT 13](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT13/index.md>): KU-RO 130 ¹⁄₂ — total, 130½
- [HT 25b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT25b/index.md>): KU-RO 16
- [HT 27a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT27a/index.md>): KU-RO 335 — total
- [HT 39](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT39/index.md>): KU-RO \*414+A 100
- [HT 40](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT40/index.md>): KU-RO
- [HT 46a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT46a/index.md>): KU-RO 43 ¹⁄₂
- [HT 67](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT67/index.md>): KU-RO 420 — total, sum (accounting term)
- [HT 74](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT74/index.md>): KU-RO 20
- [HT 88](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT88/index.md>): KU-RO 6 — total
- [HT 89](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT89/index.md>): KU-RO 87
- [HT 94a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT94a/index.md>): KU-RO 110
- [HT 94b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT94b/index.md>): KU-RO 5 — total
- [HT 100](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT100/index.md>): KU-RO 97 — total, sum
- [HT 102](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT102/index.md>): KU-RO 1060 — total: 1,060
- [HT 104](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT104/index.md>): KU-RO 95 — total: 95
- [HT 109](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT109/index.md>): KU-RO 129 — total
- [HT 110a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT110a/index.md>): KU-RO 100
- [HT 116b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT116b/index.md>): KU-RO GRA 100\[ — total, sum
- [HT 117a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT117a/index.md>): KU-RO 10 — total, sum
- [HT 118](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT118/index.md>): KU-RO 30 — total, sum
- [HT 119](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT119/index.md>): KU-RO 160 — total
- [HT 122a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT122a/index.md>): KU-RO 31 — total
- [HT 122b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT122b/index.md>): KU-RO 65 — total
- [HT 123+124a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT123~2B124a/index.md>): KU-RO OLIV 93 ¹⁄₂ — total, sum
- [HT 123+124b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT123~2B124b/index.md>): KU-RO 20 — total, sum
- [HT 127b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT127b/index.md>): KU-RO \*307 156 — total
- [HT 130](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT130/index.md>): KU-RO
- [PH(?) 31a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/PH(~3F)31a/index.md>): KU-RO CAPm+KU 1
- [ZA 15b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/ZA15b/index.md>): KU-RO VIN 78

## Commentary

Function fixed corpus-internally by final or section-final position and by arithmetic. HT 89 is the control: 23+22+24+13+5=87, KU-RO 87. The Semitic comparison is *kull- 'all, entirety'; Rendsburg reads ku-ro /kull-/ 'all' (Rendsburg 2026, 203 n. 4). Linear B normally writes TO-SO for 'total'. Complements KI-RO 'owed, outstanding' in Linear A accounting. See KU.

## Same root

- [PO-TO-KU-RO](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PO-TO-KU-RO/index.md>) (batkull)
- [KU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KU/index.md>) (kull)
- [KU-RA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KU-RA/index.md>) (kulla)
- [KU-RE-JU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KU-RE-JU/index.md>) (Kulelu)

## References

- Reading: Corpus-internal arithmetic; Gordon 1966 for the Semitic comparison; Duhoux 2012; GlOS 1; Rendsburg 2026
- Gordon, Cyrus H. (1966), Evidence for the Minoan Language. Ventnor Publishers,68
- Duhoux, Yves (2012), ¿La lengua del lineal A es anatolia?. Estudios Clásicos,142,Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos,7–24
- GlOS 1: Sanmartín, Joaquín (2019), A Glossary of Old Syrian, Volume 1: ʔ – ḳ. Languages of the Ancient Near East 8/1,Eisenbrauns (Pennsylvania State University Press), University Park
- Rendsburg, Gary A. (2026), Across the Mediterranean: Ugaritic Words which Reached Greek and Latin. In Colasuonno, Maria Maddalena; Criscuolo, Alfredo; D'Anna, Luca; Esposito, Raffaele; Lusini, Gianfrancesco; Nicosia, Mara (eds.), Forty Years of Semitic Philology: Studies in Honour of Riccardo Contini, Offered by Friends and Colleagues on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, Volume II,Series Minor CX.2; Serie Orientale Roma n.s. 57.2,UniorPress, Napoli,201–219

---

Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KU-RO/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.