# PA₃ (bi=)

> in, with, by (proclitic b-); rival on HT 103 bād(i) 'in the charge of'

A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier.

- Reading: bi=
- Confidence: Candidate. A comparison worth testing; the evidence is thin or the word is rare.
- Root: [\*bV--](<https://linear-a.ai/roots/K0007/index.md>) 'in'
- Kind: Particle
- Language: Semitic
- Signs: PA₃ (pa₃)

## Compared forms

- Ugaritic: 𐎁 *b* — b 'in, with, by' (proclitic)
- Hebrew: בְּ *bə-* — bə- (בְּ) 'in, with'
- Arabic: *bi-* — bi- 'in, with'
- Phoenician: 𐤁 *b* — b 'in, from'; bd ‘in the charge of’
- Ugaritic administrative: *bādi* — bd /bādi/ or /bīdi/ ‘in the charge/custody of’

## Attestations

- [PH 6](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/PH6/index.md>): I-DA-PA₃-I-SA-RI
- [HT 103](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT103/index.md>): PA₃ DA-KU-SE-NE 6 ¹⁄₂ — in, with, by (proclitic b-); rival bād(i) 'in the charge of'

## Commentary

PH 6 I-DA-PA₃-I-SA-RI ʾIdā bi-ʾišarī: PA₃, a proposed ba, writes the proclitic b- 'in, with, by' with a dead vowel, as a CV syllabary must, after PS and Ugaritic bi=. On HT 9b PA₃ stands between dividers before WA-JA-PI, a transaction sign like TE in the HT 9a heading. Rival on HT 103, PA₃-DA-KU-SE-NE[ ]6½ with a possible divider after PA₃ (GORILA I 171), and Ugaritic often sets a divider after a one-syllable proclitic, b. bnk (CAT 1.6:I:46; Tropper 2000, §21.412a): bād(i) 'in the charge of' (< *bi-yadi), as Kition no. 84 bd with a personal name and counted workmen (Krahmalkov 2000, 97) and CAT 4.145:9–10 bd rb ḥršm 'in the custody of the chief of the craftsmen' (Huehnergard 2012, 76, 94). Cf. Linear B pa-ro with a personal name, 'in the charge of' (Killen 2024, 103). Weak point: HT 103 wants bd 'in the charge of', and no Semitic text shortens bd to b. Two attestations. See PA₃-E.

## Same root

- [PA₃-E](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PA~E2~82~83-E/index.md>) (bē)
- [\*333-DI-NA-SU-KA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/*333-DI-NA-SU-KA/index.md>) (bīdi Našūka)
- [\*333-DI-SU-KA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/*333-DI-SU-KA/index.md>) (bīdi Sūka)
- [PI-KU-ZU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PI-KU-ZU/index.md>) (bi-kuṯ)
- [PI-MI-NA-TE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PI-MI-NA-TE/index.md>) (bi-mināti)

## References

- Reading: di Mino; Tropper 2000
- Huehnergard, John (2012), An Introduction to Ugaritic. Hendrickson
- Killen, John (ed.) (2024), The New Documents in Mycenaean Greek. Cambridge University Press,1338
- Krahmalkov: Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000), A Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Peeters (Leuven)
- Tropper, Josef (2000), Ugaritische Grammatik. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 273,Ugarit-Verlag
- GORILA I: Godart, Louis; Olivier, Jean-Pierre (1976), Recueil des inscriptions en linéaire A, volume 1: Tablettes éditées avant 1970 (GORILA I). École française d'Athènes (Études crétoises XXI, 1); Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PA~E2~82~83/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.