# SA-RU (šarru)

> king, prince (administrative title/category)

A Linear A word in the Linear A Lexicon. The reading is a proposal and carries its tier.

- Reading: šarru
- Confidence: Candidate. A comparison worth testing; the evidence is thin or the word is rare.
- Root: [\*ŝarr-](<https://linear-a.ai/roots/3463/index.md>) 'king, prince, official'
- Kind: Personnel
- Language: Semitic
- Signs: SA (sa) · RU (ru)
- Rank: #87 of the top 100

## Compared forms

- Akkadian: *šarru* — šarru 'king'
- Ugaritic: 𐎒𐎗𐎐 *srn* — srn 'prince' (DULAT 759)
- Hebrew: *sǝrānīm* — sǝrānīm 'city-princes' (KB 727); śar 'prince, chief' belongs with Akkadian šarru
- Arabic: *sarw-* — sarw- 'chief, prince'; sarīr- 'royal dignity' (BK I 1076)

## Attestations

- [HT 86a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT86a/index.md>): SA-RU 20 — king, prince; rival 'barley'
- [HT 86b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT86b/index.md>): SA-RU 20 — king, prince; rival 'barley'
- [HT 95a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT95a/index.md>): SA-RU 20 — king, prince; rival 'barley'
- [HT 95b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT95b/index.md>): SA-RU 10 — king, prince; rival 'barley'
- [HT 123+124a](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT123~2B124a/index.md>): SA-RU OLIV 16 — king, prince (recipient category)
- [HT 94b](<https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT94b/index.md>): SA-RU 1 — king/official (title)

## Commentary

HT 86a and 86b (A-KA-RU · KU-NI-SU GRA+K+L 20, SA-RU 20, DI-DE-RU 20, QA-RA₂-WA 10), HT 95a (DA-DU-MA-TA · GRA, SA-RU 20 among DA-ME, MI-NU-TE, KU-NI-SU, DI-DE-RU and QE-RA₂-U) and HT 95b (A-DU · SA-RU 10, the same list): an entry in grain lists. HT 123+124a SA-RU OLIV 16, *308 4, beside KI-TA-I, PU-VIN and DA-TU; HT 94b SA-RU 1, one of five entries totalled KU-RO 5. šarru 'king', Akk. šarru (CAD Š/2 76), Heb. śar 'official, prince' (HALOT 1350): a title or category. Rivals: Ug. srn 'prince' (DULAT 759) and Heb. sərānîm, the governors of the five Philistine cities (HALOT 770); śaʿru 'barley' (Woudhuizen 2016, 226; Heb. śəʿōrâ, Ug. šʿrm, Old Aramaic šʿrh), ʿ unwritten, a grain kind beside QE-RA₂-U 'parched grain', which fits the four grain lists but not the olive and roster entries. See SA-RA.

## Same root

- [SA-RA₂](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RA~E2~82~82/index.md>) (šarra)
- [SA-RO](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RO/index.md>) (šarr)
- [SA-RA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RA/index.md>) (šarra)
- [SA-RE-JU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RE-JU/index.md>) (Šarr-ēlu)

## In the onomasticon

- [SA-RU](<https://linear-a.ai/names/SA-RU/index.md>): Title, Semitic

## References

- Reading: di Mino
- HALOT: Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Stamm, Johann Jakob; Richardson, M. E. J. (trans. and ed.) (1994), The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, vols. I–IV. E. J. Brill, Leiden · New York · Köln
- Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2016), Documents in Minoan, Luwian, Semitic, and Pelasgian. Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society, Amsterdam; Publications of the Henri Frankfort Foundation 14
- DULAT: del Olmo Lete, Gregorio; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2015), A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Brill, Leiden/Boston (Handbook of Oriental Studies 1/112); Third Revised Edition, tr. and ed. Wilfred G.E. Watson; 2 parts
- BK 1: Biberstein Kazimirski, A. de (1860), Dictionnaire arabe-français, tome premier (ا–ص). Maisonneuve et Cie, Paris
- CAD Š/2: Oriental Institute (Erica Reiner, ed.) (1992), The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, vol. 17, Š, part 2. The Oriental Institute, Chicago; J. J. Augustin, Glückstadt

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RU/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.