# \*ḳarn- 'horn' 1, 'to fight, oppose' 2, 'to guard' 3

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: horn; to fight, guard; companion
- SED semet 2136
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/q/1959_horn_1_to_fight_oppose_2_to_guard_3.md

## In Linear A

- [I-KU-RI-NA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/I-KU-RI-NA/index.md>) (ʾiqurna): at the horn, the promontory (place name)
- [KA-RI-\*310-I](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KA-RI-*310-I/index.md>) (Qarīnī): 'Companion' (personal name)
- [KA-RO-NA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KA-RO-NA/index.md>) (Qarna): personal name, 'horn'

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: ḳarnu OA, OB on [CAD ḳ 134], [AHw 904]

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Mandaic Aramaic: ḳarna [DM 403]
- Ugaritic: ḳrn [Aist 283]
- Biblical Aramaic: ḳärän (ḳarnā) (BDB 1111)
- Phoenician: PHO ḳrn [T 294]
- Modern Aramaic: NSYR ḳāna [MP 122] MMND ḳarna [M MND 506] IRAN *ḳānā (is written ḳrnʔ) c. suff. ḳânu (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: ḳärän (HALOT 1144)
- Judaic Aramaic: ḳǝran, ḳärän (ḳarnā) [Ja 1422]; ḳrn [DJPA 506b apud CAL]
- Syrian Aramaic: ḳarnā [Brock 697]
- Aramaic: PLM ḳrnʔ [HJ 1034]
- Punic: qrn 'horn' [Anderson–Moser 2024 root qrn]
- Amorite: *qarn (HALOT 1144); qarn: qar-na-na, qar-na-na-an, qar-na-nu-um; qarniy: qa-ar-ni-yu-um; maqrin: ma-aq-ri-in (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 351–352) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: ḳarn- [BK 2 727]; qarana 3 (Biella 467) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab qrn, qrnw 2; qrn, qrnm 3 (Biella 467) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Mehri: ḳōn (pl. ḳǝrūn) [JM 236]
- Soqotri: ḳan (pl. ḳírihon) [LS 377]
- Harsusi: ḳōn (pl. ḳerōn) [JH 77]
- Tigre: ḳär, ḳärn [LH 242]
- East Ethiopic: SEL WOL ZWY ḳär [LGur 494]
- Geez: ḳarn [LGz 442]
- Gurage: MUH GOG ḳär, CHA ENN END GYE ḳän, EZ̆A MSQ ḳänn [LGur 494]
- Jibbali: ḳun (pl. ḳérún) [JJ 150].
- Amharic: ḳänd [K 791]
- Harari: ḳār [LHar 128] (gloss withheld)
- Gafat: ḳänd [LGaf 224]
- Tigrinya: ḳärni [Bass 255]
- Argobba: qand(a) (OLA80 §17.7) (gloss withheld)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/1959/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.