# \*ḳdm 'to precede, be in front'

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: to precede, go before; former, ancient; east
- SED semet 3142
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/q/2607_to_precede_be_in_front.md

## In Linear A

- [KA-DU-MA-NE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KA-DU-MA-NE/index.md>) (Qadmān): the Easterner, √q-d-m + -ān (Gordon: Cadmos + -ān)
- [QE-DE-MI-NU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/QE-DE-MI-NU/index.md>) (Qēdmīnu): personal name, 'Easterner, Ancient one'

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: qudmu (qudumu, qadmu) (CAD Q 295); qudmû (CAD Q 296) (gloss withheld)
- Eblaitic: gú-ti-im /qudim/ (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341); ga-tim; IGI.TÙM = ga-ti-mu /ḳadim/ (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Punic: qdm; qdmt (Krahmalkov 424) (gloss withheld) [Anderson–Moser 2024 root qdm]
- Ugaritic: qdm (Tropper UG §73.233.4) (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: qdm, qadmā, qadmōnī (HALOT 1068, 1070, 1071); qedem (HALOT 1069) (gloss withheld)
- Judaic Aramaic: qdm, qadmā, qadmətā (HALOT 1068–1070); qdwm (HALOT 1067) (gloss withheld)
- Aramaic: qdm, qdmh, qdmt, qdmy (HALOT 1068–1071)
- Syrian Aramaic: qadmā, qudmā (HALOT 1069); qədīmā (HALOT 1067) (gloss withheld)
- Mandaic Aramaic: qadamta, qadumia (HALOT 1069); qdim(a) (HALOT 1067)
- Phoenician: qdm (Krahmalkov 424); qdm (T 284) (gloss withheld)
- Amorite: qdm: qadimatum, qadm(ān)um, qidm(ān)um, qudmum (Gelb AS 21, 29); aqdamātu: aq-da-ma-tim (ARM 27, 27: 10f.); aqdamu: aq-da-mi-ni-ma (Florilegium Marianum II, 216: 14') (Streck 2000, 84); qudm: PUZUR-qú-ud-ma, ad-mu-ku-ud-mi, an-nu-ku-ud-mi (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341) (gloss withheld)
- Biblical Aramaic: qŏdām (HALOT BArm. s.v. קֳדָם); *qadmā (HALOT 1070); *qadmāy (HALOT BArm. s.v. קַדְמָי) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Pre-Islamic North Arabian: Safaitic qdm (D) (Al-Jallad 2026, 111) (gloss withheld)
- Arabic: ḳadam- 'the first step; step; foot' (BK 2, 690); qadīm- 'ancient, old' (BK 2, 691)
- Modern Arabic: Mec. gadam (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab. qdm, qdmy (HALOT 1067; Sabaweb lemma 7203); Qat. qdm (Ricks 1982 s.v. qdm); mqdmt (SD 103); ʾqdm (SD 104) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Mehri: ḳǝdūm (Rubin 2018 129) (gloss withheld)
- Geez: qadama (LGz. 421) (gloss withheld)
- Tigre: qaddama (HALOT 1068)
- Tigrinya: qädämä (LGz. 421)
- Gurage: qädämä (LGz. 421)
- Argobba: qäddäma (LGz. 421)
- Amharic: qäddämä (LGz. 421)
- Harari: qädäma (LGz. 421)
- East Ethiopic: Sel. Wol. Zwy. ḳädä (EDG 473 apud SEDonline 331) (gloss withheld)
- Soqotri: ḳédem (LS 367; CSOL I 585; Naumkin et al. 2015a:74; Naumkin et al. 2022:254 apud SEDonline 1601) (gloss withheld)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/2607/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.