# \*ṯawr- 'bull, ox'

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: bull, ox, head of cattle
- SED semet 219
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/%E1%B9%AF/269_bull_ox.md

## In Linear A

- [I-ZU-RI-NI-TA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/I-ZU-RI-NI-TA/index.md>) (ʾi-ṯawrīnīta): She-of-the-Bull (feminine personal/divine name)
- [TU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/TU/index.md>) (ṯawr): bull, cattle (logographic abbreviation of ṯawr; administrative commodity category for bovine livestock/products)
- [ZU-RI-NI-MA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/ZU-RI-NI-MA/index.md>) (Ṯūrinima): Bull- (personal name)

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: šūru Ur III on [CAD š3 369], [AHw. 1287] (gloss withheld)
- Eblaitic: šu-lum = GU4.TUR [MEE 4 1386] (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Mandaic Aramaic: taura [DM 478]. (gloss withheld)
- Ugaritic: ṯr [DULAT 916] (gloss withheld)
- Biblical Aramaic: tōr 'ox, bull' (BDB 1117)
- Hebrew: šōr (HALOT 1451, 1452), pB. [Ja. 1541] (gloss withheld)
- Judaic Aramaic: tōrā [Ja. 1656], twr [DJPA 578a apud CAL], twrh (det. twrth) [ibid. 578], br twryn [ibid. 101], brt twryn [ibid. 112]. Sam. twr, twrh [Tal 945]. (gloss withheld) [CAL 578; CAL 101; CAL 112]
- Syrian Aramaic: tawrā 'bull', tōrǝtā 'cow, female ox' [Brock. 819], [PS 4412].
- Aramaic: Sml. šwrh [HJ 1118] (gloss withheld)
- Modern Aramaic: M. Mnd. tūrta/ā, Maʕl. ṯaura, Mlḥ. tawro, Hrt. tora, Krd. tawra, NSyr. tôrâ, Azr. tora, NAssyr. tōrā, JNA tōra, tawra, Tlk. tōra, Ass. tōra, Tur. tawro (SED II 308) (gloss withheld)
- Amorite: Suwr, ṯuwr: šu-ra-nu, ab-du-šu-ri-im (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 330) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: ṯawr- 'bull; chief, master', ṯawrat- 'cow' [BK 1 242], [Fr. I 234], [Lane 364], [LA IV 111].
- Pre-Islamic North Arabian: Safaitic ṯr (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 136); Hismaic ṯr (Al-Jallad 2026, 158) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab. ṯwr, ṯr [SD 152; Sabaweb lemma 1356]. Qat. ṯwr [Ricks 179]. Min. ṯwr [LM 99] (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Mehri: ṯawr [JM 419]. (gloss withheld)
- Harsusi: ṯawer [JH 133]. (gloss withheld)
- Tigre: sor [LH 193]. (gloss withheld)
- Geez: sor, ŝor [LGz. 511], sǝwār [ibid.]. (gloss withheld)
- Tigrinya: sor 'castrated one of goats' [Bass. 176]

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/269/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.