# \*ʾil- 'god, deity; El (supreme god)'

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: god, goddess; El
- SED semet 1431
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/%CA%BE/2719_god_deity_El_supreme_god.md

## In Linear A

- [DI-NA-RO](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-NA-RO/index.md>) (Dānīlo / Dānīlu): personal name ("El judges"—Ugaritic hero-king Dāniʾēlu)
- [I-RA₂](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/I-RA~E2~82~82/index.md>) (ʾilā(t)): goddess; rival ʾila 'god'
- [PI-RU-E-JU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PI-RU-E-JU/index.md>) (Pirʾu-ʾēlu): personal name, 'Offspring of El'; rival 'Fruit of El'
- [SA-RE-JU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-RE-JU/index.md>) (Šarr-ēlu): personal name, 'El is king'; rival Hurrian Šar-elli

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: ilu (CAD I/J 91) (gloss withheld)
- Eblaitic: ab-da-rí-ì, cf. li-sa-ne-lum/lu-um /ʾil/ (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 19); DN Il, absent from the offering lists: names en-na-il, i-ti-il, a-ba-il, a-da-il, iš-ra-il, iš-má-il, iš-ma-ì-lum, mi-kà-il (Antalík 1998, 33) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Ugaritic: il (DULAT 46) (gloss withheld)
- Phoenician: ʔl (Krahmalkov 49); ʾlm (Krahmalkov 52) (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: ʔēl (HALOT 48) (gloss withheld)
- Amorite: ʾilum, ʾillum, ʾelum, ʾiltum, ʾilī (Gelb AS 21, 14); ʾalla, ʾila, ʾilānu (Buck 2019, 323); ʾil: i-la-el/DINGIR, el=, e-lV=; e-lV= (Ur III) (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 19) (gloss withheld)
- Punic: ʾl, ʿl (T 16) (gloss withheld)
- Syrian Aramaic: ʔīl 'God' (Payne Smith 13); ʔalāh 'God; a false god' (Payne Smith 17)
- Aramaic: OAram. ʾlh (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.2 no. 2, fn. 503) (gloss withheld)
- Modern Aramaic: Tur. aloho (RW 32 apud SEDonline 1115) (gloss withheld)
- Emar: i-la-i, i-la-ú /ʾilāhū/ (Pentiuc 2001, 82–83) (gloss withheld)
- Biblical Aramaic: ʔĕlāh (HALOT 52–53) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: ʔilāh- 'god' (BK 1, 48)
- Pre-Islamic North Arabian: Safaitic ʾlh (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 43); Dadanitic ʾlh; Hismaic ʾlh; Thamudic B ʾlh (Al-Jallad 2026, 5) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab ʾl, ʾlt (SD 5; Biella 15; Sabaweb lemmas 1539, 7528); ʾlh(n) (Biella 17) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Mehri: ʔāl (Lonnet 2005:206 apud SEDonline 1116) (gloss withheld)

---

Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/2719/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.