# \*ṣ̂VmVd- 'bind, yoke, harness' 1, 'join, unite (in a pact)' 2, 'mace, club' 3

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: to bind, yoke, harness; pair, team; ally
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/%E1%B9%A3%CC%81/411_bind_yoke_harness_1_join_unite_in_a_pact_2_mace.md

## In Linear A

- [SA-MA-TI](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-MA-TI/index.md>) (Ṣamidi): personal name, 'Harnessed'; cf. Amorite Ṣamidum

## Notes

Sabaic PN ḍmd (Tairan 1992, 150); compound PN ʿmḍmd (Tairan 1992, 165–166). DULAT 773 files 'mace or double axe' under the noun ṣmd 'pair'; Margalit (apud DULAT 773) separates ṣmd II 'club'. Krahmalkov 417 compares Ug. ṣmd with Phoenician ṣmd 'mace' in KAI 24.15 bʿl ṣmd, the mace Kūsōr (Kothar) made for Baal.

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: ṣimdu (CAD Ṣ 196); ṣamādum (Huehnergard 1997 GAk, 519; AHw 1080) (gloss withheld) [Anderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd]
- Eblaitic: a-za-me-du /ʔaṣammid/ (ARET V 1 obv. I 1, Kogan–Krebernik 2021b: 686 apud SEDonline 2021); a-za-me-du, mu-za-da /ṣ́-m-d/ 1 (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 285) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Ugaritic: ṣmd /ṣimdu/ (Huehnergard 2012, 156); ṣmd 3 (DULAT 773) (gloss withheld)
- Phoenician: ṣmd 3, in bʿl ṣmd (Krahmalkov 417) (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: ṣmd; ṣemed 'couple' (BDB 855) [Anderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd]
- Aramaic: ṣmd (Aramaic Root Atlas; CAL s.v. ṣmd) (gloss withheld) [Anderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd]
- Syrian Aramaic: ṣəmad (HALOT 1032)
- Mandaic Aramaic: ṢMD (HALOT 1032)
- Amorite: ṣmd: ṣamidum (Gelb AS 21, 34) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: ḍamada (HALOT 1032); miḍmad-at- (Lane 1803); ḍimd 2 (Lane 1802) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab ḍmd 2 (SD 41; Biella 435; Sabaweb lemma 4068) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Geez: ḍamada, taḍamda (HALOT 1032)
- Tigre: ṣamda (HALOT 1032)
- Gurage: Cha. End. Enn. ṭämädä, Ezha Muh. Sod. ṭämmädä, Msq. Gog. dämmädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021) (gloss withheld)
- East Ethiopic: Sel. Wol. Zwy. ṭämädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021) (gloss withheld)
- Gafat: ṭämädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021) (gloss withheld)
- Tigrinya: ṣämädä (TED 2560 apud SEDonline 2021) (gloss withheld)
- Harari: ṭämäda [LHar 154] (gloss withheld)
- Amharic: ṭämmädä 1 (LGz. 150) (gloss withheld)
- Argobba: ṭämmäda 1 (LGz. 150) (gloss withheld)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/411/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.