# \*baʕl- 'husband, master, owner'

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: owner, lord, husband; to marry
- SED semet 8
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/b/8_husband_master_owner.md

## In Linear A

- [PU-RA₂](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PU-RA~E2~82~82/index.md>) (Bōl): Baal, 'Lord' (allocation heading)

## Notes

Amorite ba'l reconstructed from Ha-ab-du-ʔHa-na-at /ʿAbdu-ʿAnat/ pattern; Ugaritic alphabetic confirms pharyngeal/velar fricatives fully distinct in Amorite (Lipiński OLA80 §19.7). Akk bēlī from *ba'lī 'my lord' — ē from a + weak consonant (§21.10).

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: bēlu (CAD B 191) (AHw 118); bêlu (gloss withheld) [Anderson–Moser 2024 root bʿl]
- Eblaitic: ba-lu /baʕlu/, in ba-lu da-a-tim (VE 1245; Krebernik 1983, 42); DN element ba-al: names en-na-ba-al, wa-a-ga-ba-al (Antalík 1998, 38) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Ugaritic: bʕl (DULAT 203) (gloss withheld)
- Biblical Aramaic: *bǝʕēl 'owner, lord' (BDB 1085)
- Phoenician: bʕl (T 51); f. bʕlt (T 52; Krahmalkov 110) (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: baʕal (HALOT 142, 143); bʕl (gloss withheld)
- Judaic Aramaic: bʕal (Ja 182), bʕl (DJPA 109a apud CAL), baʕal- (Ja 182); bǝʕēl, det. baʕlā (DJPA 108b apud CAL) (gloss withheld)
- Syrian Aramaic: baʕlā 'lord, husband' (Brock 83), bʕel 'took in marriage' (Brock 84)
- Aramaic: Samal, OAram OffAr, Nab, Palm, Hatra *bʕl (HJ 182-3); Sam bʕl (Tal 109) (gloss withheld)
- Punic: bal (HALOT 142); bʕl (HJ 182); bʕlt (Krahmalkov 120) (gloss withheld)
- Amorite: baḫlu; balu (HALOT 142); baʿlu (Buck 2019, 325) (gloss withheld)
- Canaanite: baḫlu; balu (HALOT 142)
- Mandaic Aramaic: bil (LGz. 84; MD 60) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: baʕl- 'spouse, husband or wife; master, owner'; baʕala 'to marry, become husband, spouse' (BK 1, 144)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab bʿl (SD 25; Sabaweb lemma 1349), Qat bʕl (Ricks 31), Min bʕl (LM 19) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Mehri: bâl/báyli, bǝʕēli; abɛ̄li; Hobyot baāli, abēli (JM 41) (gloss withheld)
- Soqotri: báʕal; baʕl (LS 90) (gloss withheld)
- Harsusi: bāl, byāl, baʕl/bōl; abāli (JH 14) (gloss withheld)
- Tigre: bäʕal (LH 292) (gloss withheld)
- Geez: baʕāl; bǝʕla (LGz. 83-4) (gloss withheld)
- Gurage: So. bal (LGur 138) (gloss withheld)
- Jibbali: baʕál, báʕal/bʕéhl, ʔɔ́ʕɔź (JJ 22) (gloss withheld)
- Amharic: bal (K 861) (gloss withheld)
- Gafat: bal (LGaf 188) (gloss withheld)
- Argobba: bǝʔǝl (LArg 195); bal (LArg 195) (gloss withheld)
- Tigrinya: bäʕal (KT 1177) (gloss withheld)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/8/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.