# \*dyn- 'to judge, govern' 1, 'judgment, legal case' 2, 'judge' 3

A Proto-Semitic root the Linear A Lexicon's readings rest on.

- Author's gloss: to judge; judge, verdict, judgment
- Record: https://github.com/plasma-ai/kaphtor/blob/50525edd50131a50e59ec82bf5132da0fa89efc9/wiki/semitic-roots/d/S36_to_judge_govern_1_judgment_legal_case_2_judge_3.md

## In Linear A

- [DA-NA-TU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DA-NA-TU/index.md>) (dānatu): personal name (f.), 'she who judges'
- [DI-NA-RO](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-NA-RO/index.md>) (Dānīlo / Dānīlu): personal name ("El judges"—Ugaritic hero-king Dāniʾēlu)
- [DI-NA-U](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-NA-U/index.md>) (Dīnāyu): personal name: hypocoristic of a √d-y-n name ('Judge')
- [DI-NE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-NE/index.md>) (dīn): judgment (name element)
- [DI-NI](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-NI/index.md>) (Dīnī): personal name, 'My judgment' (short form of a √d-y-n name); rival the whole group WA-DI-NI, Ugaritic PN wḏny
- [DI-RE-DI-NA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/DI-RE-DI-NA/index.md>) (ʾaddīr-dīnā): mighty is the verdict (compound sentence name); rival a simplex recipient name
- [O-RA₂-DI-NE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/O-RA~E2~82~82-DI-NE/index.md>) (ʾŌl-dīn): personal name, 'the Foremost is judge' (Ugaritic PN ảwldn); rival ʾIl-dīn 'El is judge'

## Notes

Biconsonantal CīC paradigm (Lipiński OLA80 §44.5-8). OB: idīn (pret), idân (imperf), dīn/dīnā (imp), dīn/dīnū (stat). Heb: yādīn. CīC sub-class alongside šīm and šīr.

## Reflexes: East Semitic

- Akkadian: dânu; dayyānu; dīnu (Leslau CDG 146) (gloss withheld)
- Eblaitic: da-ne-u[m] /daynim/ (gen.), in ba-da-gu da-ne-u[m] (VE 1327; Krebernik 1983, 43); /d-y-n/ 1, 3: names i-da-nu, ti-ti-na/nu; cf. i-da-i-nu (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 155) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Northwest Semitic

- Ugaritic: dn (DULAT 272); dn (DULAT 273); tdn (KTU 1.17 vi 33); ydn (KTU 1.16 vi 33–45) (gloss withheld)
- Hebrew: dīn; dāyān; dīn (Leslau CDG 146) (gloss withheld)
- Mandaic Aramaic: dun (v.), daiana (n.) (LGz. 146) (gloss withheld)
- Amorite: djn: jadīn, dīnum (Gelb AS 21, 17); dān, ladīn, dīn (Buck 2019, 326); d-y-n 1, 3: ia/i-di-nim, ia-di-in-ᵈIM; dān 1, 3: a-bi-da-an (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 155) (gloss withheld)
- Syrian Aramaic: dān 'judge; plead, contend' (Payne Smith 86)
- Biblical Aramaic: dyn 1 (HALOT 220); dīn 2 (HALOT 220); *dayyān 3 (HALOT 220) (gloss withheld)
- Aramaic: dyn (DNWSI 246); dn (DNWSI 254) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Arabic

- Arabic: dāna; dīn; dayyān (Leslau CDG 146) (gloss withheld)
- Pre-Islamic North Arabian: Safaitic mdnt (Al-Jallad 2026, 36) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Epigraphic South Arabian

- Epigraphic South Arabian: dyn (HALOT 220) (Sabaweb lemma 5648); Qat. dyn 2 (Ricks 1982 s.v. dyn) (gloss withheld)

## Reflexes: Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian

- Geez: dayyana, dayyāni (n.) (LGz. 146); dānaya, danaya, dānāyi (n.) (LGz. 139) (gloss withheld)
- Amharic: dännäyä (LGz. 139); daňňä, daňňa (n.) (LGz. 146) (gloss withheld)
- Tigrinya: däyyänä, danäyä, dayna, daňňa (LGz. 139, 146) (gloss withheld)
- Harari: daňňa (n.) (LGz. 139, 146) (gloss withheld)
- Tigre: danya, dayna (LGz. 146) (gloss withheld)
- Argobba: daňňa (n.) (LGz. 146) (gloss withheld)
- Gurage: daňňä (LGz. 146)
- East Ethiopic: Wol. daññä, Zwy. dāñña (EDG 216 apud SEDonline 1991) (gloss withheld)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/roots/S36/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.