# HT 31

A Linear A document: tablet from Haghia Triada.

- Site: Haghia Triada
- Object: Tablet
- Period: LM IB
- Scribe: HT Scribe 12
- Findspot: Villa Magazine
- Edition: [GORILA I](<https://linear-a.ai/bibliography/?w=src_698>)
- In 3D: [HT 31](<https://linear-a.ai/inscriptions/tpl-ht-31/index.md>)

## Text

1. \[?\]-TI-SA PU-KO \*410-VS \[…\]
2. 5
3. \*402-VS-QA-PA₃ 10
4. \*415-VS-SU-PU 10
5. \]\*416-VS-KA-RO-PA₃ 10
6. [SA-JA-MA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-JA-MA/index.md>) 30
7. 10
8. KI-DE-MA-\*323-NA\[
9. \*402-VS 400
10. \*402-VS-SU-PA₃-RA 300
11. \*402-VS-PA-TA-QE 3000

## Translation

- Tier: Probable
- Status: complete

Vessel inventory: [?]-TI-SA (unread). Flasks (PU-KO, *410-VS): 5. Goblets (QA-PA₃): 10. Bowls (SU-PU): 10. Carafes (KA-RO-PA₃): 10. Set (SA-JA-MA): 30[…]. […] 10. KI-DE-MA-*323-NA[ (unread) cups (*402-VS): 400. Pots (SU-PA₃-RA, *402-VS): 300. Winecups (PA-TA-QE, *402-VS): 3000.

## Word by word

| Word | Reading | Gloss | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|
| PU-KO | pukku | flask, vial | Candidate |
| [QA-PA₃](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/QA-PA~E2~82~83/index.md>) | qubaʿ | goblet, cup | Probable |
| [SU-PU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SU-PU/index.md>) | sapu | bowl, basin | Confirmed |
| [KA-RO-PA₃](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KA-RO-PA~E2~82~83/index.md>) | karbu | carafe, drinking vessel | Probable |
| [SA-JA-MA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-JA-MA/index.md>) | śaymā | set, arrangement (of vessels): 30[ | Speculative |
| [SU-PA₃-RA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SU-PA~E2~82~83-RA/index.md>) | subāra | pot | Probable |
| [PA-TA-QE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PA-TA-QE/index.md>) | pitqē | a kind of *402 cup; cf. Aramaic pitqa 'winecup' | Candidate |

## Commentary

Context: Vessel inventory—the "virtual bilingual" (Stieglitz 1971). Minoan vessel names written over pictograms for each vessel type. The most important tablet for Semitic vessel-name identification.

Gordon's HT 31 vessel quartet (§163), independently confirmed by Stieglitz (Kadmos 10, 1971) and Rendsburg (Ugaritic Dictionary, forthcoming). 6 of 8 vessel names have Semitic etymologies, PU-KO pukku 'flask' naming *410-VS. Ventris & Chadwick (1956, 323): "the difference in language is obvious." Quantities suggest institutional storage: 3000, 300 and 400 of the conical *402 cup.

## Epigraphic note

GORILA I 59: .1 [·]-TI-SA · PU-KO · *410-VS[, a lost sign, not a divider, before TI; .4-5 KI-DE-MA-*323-NA[ ]vest., the word running into vestiges at the start of .5.

## Lexicon entries

- [SU-PU](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SU-PU/index.md>) (sapu): bowl, basin (the vessel named on HT31). Confirmed.
- [SU-PA₃-RA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SU-PA~E2~82~83-RA/index.md>) (subāra): vessel (pot). Probable.
- [QA-PA₃](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/QA-PA~E2~82~83/index.md>) (qubaʿ): goblet, cup (vessel term on HT31 inventory). Probable.
- [KA-RO-PA₃](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/KA-RO-PA~E2~82~83/index.md>) (karbu): carafe, drinking vessel (Akkadian karpatu; Ugaritic krpn). Probable.
- [PA-KU / PU-KO](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PA-KU~20~2F~20PU-KO/index.md>) (pak / pukku): flask, vial (small libation/oil vessel). Candidate.
- [PA-TA-QE](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/PA-TA-QE/index.md>) (pitqē): a kind of *402 cup. Candidate.
- [SA-JA-MA](<https://linear-a.ai/lexicon/SA-JA-MA/index.md>) (śaymā): setting, arrangement; a set/group (of vessels)—deverbal noun from √ś-y-m 'to place, set'. Speculative.

## Images

[The document in SigLA](https://sigla.phis.me/document/HT%2031/) (drawing and photographs, © École française d’Athènes).

## References

- KTU: Dietrich, Manfried; Loretz, Oswald; Sanmartín, Joaquín (2013), Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten / The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU³). Ugarit-Verlag, Münster (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 360/1); ISBN 978-3-86835-014-2
- Stieglitz, Robert R. (1971), Minoan Vessel Names. Kadmos,10,110–112
- Ventris, M. & Chadwick, J. (1956), Documents in Mycenaean Greek: Three Hundred Selected Tablets from Knossos, Pylos and Mycenae with Commentary and Vocabulary. Cambridge University Press
- GORILA I: Godart, Louis; Olivier, Jean-Pierre (1976), Recueil des inscriptions en linéaire A, volume 1: Tablettes éditées avant 1970 (GORILA I). École française d'Athènes (Études crétoises XXI, 1); Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/texts/HT31/
Licence: CC BY 4.0 for the translations and commentary; the corpus keeps its sources’ terms, SigLA’s records CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit 50525edd.