# \*ʕwr: 'to wake up, be awake; to rouse'

> Proto-Semitic *ʕwr, 'to wake up, be awake; to rouse': reflexes in 6 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [ʿ](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/ayin/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*ʕwr |
| Meaning | 'to wake up, be awake; to rouse' |
| Basis | project |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew | ʕûr; hif. (HALOT 802) | HALOT 802 | gloss withheld |
| Ugaritic | /ʕ-r/ (DULAT 175) | DULAT 175 | gloss withheld |
| Akkadian | êru (CAD E 326) | CAD E 326 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | ʿār 'to wake, watch'; ʿīr 'waking, watchful, vigilant' (part. adj.); pa. ʿayyar 'to wake, rouse'; aph. ʾaʿīr 'to wake, awaken, arouse' (Payne Smith 407) | Payne Smith 407 |  |
| Punic | ʿr in the personal names ʾšmnyʿr, yʿr, yʿrʾ (Krahmalkov 386) | Krahmalkov 386 | gloss withheld |
| Biblical Aramaic | ʕīr (HALOT 876) | HALOT 876 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

HALOT 802 separates II עור 'wake up' from I עור 'be blind' (2054). Syriac ʿīrā 'a watcher, guardian angel' is the participle as a noun (Payne Smith 407); Geez ʿer 'watcher, guardian', an epithet of angels, is from Hebrew ʿer through Greek eir (LGz. 68).

## Linked from

- [ʿ](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/ayin/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/ayin/3156_to_wake_up_be_awake_to_rouse/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.