# \*bwk: 'to be confused, in turmoil' > Proto-Semitic *bwk, 'to be confused, in turmoil': reflexes in 2 language(s). A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki]() › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots]() › [B](). Updated 2026-10-28. ## Root | Field | Value | |---|---| | Reconstruction | \*bwk | | Meaning | 'to be confused, in turmoil' | | Basis | project | ## Reflexes | Language | Form | Sources | Note | |---|---|---|---| | Hebrew | bwk nif. nābôkâ (Est 3:15); nǝbukîm, nābōkû (Ex 14:3; Jl 1:18) (HALOT 115); mǝbûkâ (Is 22:5; Mi 7:4) (HALOT 541) | HALOT 115; HALOT 541 | gloss withheld | | Arabic | bāka 'to become entangled, complicated (of an affair)'; 'to be in turmoil'; VII 'to be in turmoil and agitation'; bawka 'confusion, disorder' (BK 1 180); bāka 'the affair was confused and disturbed; men were troubled in mind and confused in their reckoning'; VII 'men were troubled in mind and confused' (Freytag 1 173); bawka 'mixture, confusion' (Freytag 1 174) | BK 1 180; Freytag 1 173; Freytag 1 174 | | A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed. ## Notes HALOT 115 compares Arabic bwk 'to be disturbed'. BK 1 180 gives the sense as the sixth and seventh of bāka's senses and Freytag 1 173 as its sixth, beside 'to cover (a female)', 'to fatten (of camels)', 'to trade' and 'to stir a spring with a stick'; both give form VII in the sense, and both print the noun bawka 'confusion' (BK 1 180; Freytag 1 174). Not 3084 \*bhl 'to be frightened, confused'. ## Linked from - [B]() --- Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/b/3719_to_be_confused_in_turmoil/ Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.