# \*ṣ̂arr- 1, \*ṣ̂rr- 2, 3: 'enemy' 1, 'be hostile' 2, 'inflict harm' 3

> Proto-Semitic *ṣ̂arr- 1, *ṣ̂rr- 2, 3, 'enemy' 1, 'be hostile' 2, 'inflict harm' 3: reflexes in 22 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [ṣ́](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/dad/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*ṣ̂arr- 1, \*ṣ̂rr- 2, 3 |
| Meaning | 'enemy' 1, 'be hostile' 2, 'inflict harm' 3 |
| Basis | SED |
| SED | SEDonline semet 19 |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | ḍrr \[-u-\] 2 (BK 2, 14) | BK 2, 14 |  |
| Mehri | źǝr (JM 477) | JM 477 | gloss withheld |
| Soqotri | ḍér(r) (LS 364) | LS 364 | gloss withheld |
| Akkadian | ṣerru 1 (CAD Ṣ 137) (AHw. 1093) | CAD Ṣ 137; AHw. 1093 | gloss withheld |
| Harsusi | źer/yeźráwr (JH 152) | JH 152 | gloss withheld |
| Tigre | ṣarärä (LH 636) | LH 636 | gloss withheld |
| Ugaritic | ṣr-t 1 (DULAT 780) | DULAT 780 |  |
| Geez | ḍar 1, ḍrr 2 (LGz. 152) | LGz. 152 |  |
| Biblical Aramaic | Bib. \*ʕar 'foe' (BDB 1108) | BDB 1108 |  |
| Modern Arabic | ḍar 1 |  |  |
| Phoenician | ṣrt (T 281) | T 281 | gloss withheld |
| Jibbali | ẕ́err (JJ 326); ẓ́érét (Rubin 2014 674) | JJ 326; Rubin 2014 674 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | ṣar 1 (HALOT 1052), ṣwr 2 (HALOT 1015) | HALOT 1052; HALOT 1015 |  |
| Amharic | täṭarrärä (K 2114) | K 2114 | gloss withheld |
| Epigraphic South Arabian | Sab. ḍr 1 (SD 42; Sabaweb lemma 1505); ḍrrw 2 (SD 42); Qat. ḍr (Ricks 140), Min. ḍr (LM 31) | SD 42; Sabaweb lemma 1505; Ricks 140; LM 31 | gloss withheld |
| Judaic Aramaic | JPA ʕrr (DJPA 421a apud CAL), ʕrʕr (DJPA 420b apud CAL) | DJPA 421a; CAL; DJPA 420b | gloss withheld |
| Aramaic | Samal \*ṣr, DA Pl. abs. ḳrn 1 (HJ 974) | HJ 974 |  |
| Tigrinya | ṣär 1 (KT 2561); täṣarärä (KT 2564) | KT 2561; KT 2564 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | ʿarrətā (HALOT 1054) | HALOT 1054 | gloss withheld |
| Mandaic Aramaic | ṣara (LGz. 152; MD 388) | LGz. 152; MD 388 |  |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic ḍr (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 68); ḍr; Taymanitic ḍr (Al-Jallad 2026, 43) | Al-Jallad–Jaworska 68; Al-Jallad 2026 43 | gloss withheld |
| Emar | ṣa-ra-ri, \[ṣa\]-ar-ra-ri /ṣarrā̆ru/ (Pentiuc 2001, 161–162) | Pentiuc 2001 161–162 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

Amharic ṣär (K 2251) and ṣärärä (K 2252) may be Geez loans. Mandaic ṣara (LGz. 152) has ṣ against the ʿ of Syriac ʿarrətā and JPA ʕrr.

## Linked from

- [ṣ́](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/dad/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/dad/18_enemy_1_be_hostile_2_inflict_harm_3/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.