# \*ḥamm-: 'be hot' 1, 'warm' 2

> Proto-Semitic *ḥamm-, 'be hot' 1, 'warm' 2: reflexes in 11 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [ḥ](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/het/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*ḥamm- |
| Meaning | 'be hot' 1, 'warm' 2 |
| Basis | SED |
| SED | SEDonline semet 816 |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | ḥmm \[-u-\] 1 |  |  |
| Akkadian | emēmu 1, emmu 2 |  |  |
| Hebrew | ḥam 2; yḥm 1 (HALOT 407) | HALOT 407 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | ḥam 1 |  |  |
| Aramaic | ḤMM (Aramaic Root Atlas; DNWSI 381) | Aramaic Root Atlas; DNWSI 381; Anderson–Moser 2024 root ḥmm | gloss withheld |
| Phoenician | ḥmm (HALOT 325) | HALOT 325 |  |
| Judaic Aramaic | ḥūmᵉtā (HALOT 326) | HALOT 326 | gloss withheld |
| Eblaitic | a-PI-mu ʾà-mu-tum, ma-wu ʾà-mu-tum (Kogan 2011, 195; VE 637, 777; Krebernik 1983, 25, 30); im-ma /ḥ-m-m/ 1; ma-wu ʔà-mu-tum, a(-wa)-mu ʔà-mu-tum /ḥamm/ 1 (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 240–241); /māyū ḥammūtum/, (?) (= Sum. a-kum₄) (VE 637; Bonechi 2008, 6) | Kogan 2011 195; VE 637, 777; Krebernik 1983, 25, 30; Sanmartín GlOS 1, 240–241; VE 637; Bonechi 2008, 6 | gloss withheld |
| Amorite | ḥ-m-m, Š: cf. ḫa-mi-mu-um (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 240) | Sanmartín GlOS 1, 240 | gloss withheld |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic ḥm 1 (Al-Jallad 2026, 75) | Al-Jallad 2026 75 | gloss withheld |
| Jibbali | ḥmm (LGz. 233) | LGz. 233 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

PES \*ḥmm 'to be ill' (Gez. ḥamama, Tgr. ḥammä, Tna. ḥamämä, Amh. ammämä-w, t-ammämä) is derived from PS \*ḥmm 'to be hot' (Kogan 2015, ch. 7 §4.1 no. 5). Arabic ḥamma 'became black by heat', ḥumam 'charcoal, ashes' (Lane 635–636); Geez ḥəmmat 'soot, charcoal, blackness' and Jibbali ḥum(m) 'charcoal' (LGz. 235).

## Linked from

- [ḥ](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/het/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/het/809_be_hot_1_warm_2/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.