# \*kalVm-: 'shame, reproach, be disgraced' 1, 'to wound, injure' 2

> Proto-Semitic *kalVm-, 'shame, reproach, be disgraced' 1, 'to wound, injure' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [K](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/k/index.md>). Updated 2026-11-03.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*kalVm- |
| Meaning | 'shame, reproach, be disgraced' 1, 'to wound, injure' 2 |
| Basis | project |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | kalama, kalm 2 (BK 2, 925; HALOT 480) | BK 2, 925; HALOT 480 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | kālam; kǝlimmâ (HALOT 480) | HALOT 480 | gloss withheld |
| Aramaic | klm (CAL s.v. klm) | CAL s.v. klm | gloss withheld |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic klm 2 (Al-Jallad 2026, 82) | Al-Jallad 2026 82 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Linked from

- [K](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/k/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/k/2663_shame_reproach_be_disgraced_1_to_wound_injure_2/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.