# \*=ma: 'enclitic topicalizing and emphatic particle' 1, 'adverbial enclitic' 2

> Proto-Semitic *=ma, 'enclitic topicalizing and emphatic particle' 1, 'adverbial enclitic' 2: reflexes in 5 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [M](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/m/index.md>). Updated 2026-11-04.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*=ma |
| Meaning | 'enclitic topicalizing and emphatic particle' 1, 'adverbial enclitic' 2 |
| Basis | project |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epigraphic South Arabian | Sab -m, -mw 1 (Biella 265) | Biella 265 | gloss withheld |
| Akkadian | =ma 1: ileqqû=ma izuzzū (Huehnergard 2019, 68) |  | gloss withheld |
| Ugaritic | -m 1: kṯrm ḥbrk (KTU 1.6 VI 49; DULAT 504); -m /-am/ 2 (DULAT 504) | KTU 1.6 VI 49; DULAT 504 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | -m 1, 2 (HALOT 538) | HALOT 538 | gloss withheld |
| Amorite | ma/mi 1 (HALOT 538) | HALOT 538 |  |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

Huehnergard 2019, 68 reconstructs topicalizing \*=ma. DULAT 504 compares Akk. -ma/e/i, Hb. -m and Amor. -ma, -mi. Not 2522 \*ma 'not', 2560 \*ma(h) 'what?' nor 3784 \*nā.

## Linked from

- [M](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/m/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/m/3797_enclitic_topicalizing_and_emphatic_particle_1_ad/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.