# \*nqm: 'to avenge'

> Proto-Semitic *nqm, 'to avenge': reflexes in 9 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [N](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/n/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*nqm |
| Meaning | 'to avenge' |
| Basis | project |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epigraphic South Arabian | Sab nqm (SD 97, 98; Biella 317; Sabaweb lemma 1769) | SD 97, 98; Biella 317; Sabaweb lemma 1769 | gloss withheld |
| Amorite | nqm: nāqimum, niqmum, janqim, jaqqim (Gelb AS 21, 27); niqmu (Buck 2019, 330); niqmu: ni-iq-mi-im (ARM 26/2, 434: 26f.) (Streck 2000, 108); n-q-m: ia-ki-ma, ia-ki-mu-um, en-gi-mu-um (Ur III) (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 93) | Gelb AS 21 27; Buck 2019, 330; Streck 2000 108; Sanmartín GlOS 2, 93 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | ʔetnqem 'take vengeance; be avenged' (Payne Smith 351) | Payne Smith 351 |  |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic nqm (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 106); nqmt; Thamudic B nqmt, nqm (Al-Jallad 2026, 103) | Al-Jallad–Jaworska 106; Al-Jallad 2026 103 | gloss withheld |
| Arabic | nqm (Lane 3037 apud SEDonline 1195) | Lane 3037; SEDonline 1195 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | nḳm (HALOT 721 apud SEDonline 1195) | HALOT 721; SEDonline 1195 | gloss withheld |
| Judaic Aramaic | niqmᵉtā (HALOT 721) | HALOT 721 | gloss withheld |
| Aramaic | OArm. nqm (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.3 no. 24) | Kogan 2015 ch. 3 §5.3 no. 24 | gloss withheld |
| Punic | nqm in the personal name nqmʾl (Krahmalkov 335) | Krahmalkov 335 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

OLA80 §45.8. Cited in Ugaritic onomastics: Naqam-(H)addu /Naqam-Haddu/ 'Avenging is Haddu'. Demonstrates qatal suffix conjugation without final -a in Ugaritic.

## Linked from

- [N](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/n/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/n/S55_to_avenge/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.