# \*rīʕ-: 'friend', 'associate with'

> Proto-Semitic *rīʕ-, 'friend', 'associate with': reflexes in 12 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [R](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/r/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*rīʕ- |
| Meaning | 'friend', 'associate with' |
| Basis | reconstruction SED; meaning SED, corrected |
| SED | SEDonline semet 44 |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akkadian | rūʔu |  | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | rēaʕ; rʕy II (HALOT 1262) | HALOT 1262 | gloss withheld |
| Geez | raʿawa 'yoke' | Anderson–Moser 2024 root rʿ |  |
| Ugaritic | rʿ (CUC; DULAT 715) | CUC; DULAT 715 | gloss withheld |
| Aramaic | rʿh, rʿyn (HALOT 1253) | HALOT 1253 |  |
| Judaic Aramaic | rəʿūtā (HALOT 1265) | HALOT 1265 | gloss withheld |
| Amorite | riʿum (Gelb AS 21, 30); raʿayu/raʿî (Buck 2019, 331); reʿ: i-bi-iq-ri-e-ú (Ur III) (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 150) | Gelb AS 21 30; Buck 2019, 331; Sanmartín GlOS 2, 150 | gloss withheld |
| Phoenician | rʿ (root rʿy) (B 409) | B 409 | gloss withheld |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic rʿ (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 113) | Al-Jallad–Jaworska 113 | gloss withheld |
| Tigre | räwʕa (Leslau CDG 459) | Leslau CDG 459 | gloss withheld |
| Tigrinya | räwʕe (Leslau CDG 459) | Leslau CDG 459 | gloss withheld |
| Eblaitic | la-ù-um /raʕum/ (VE 1061; Krebernik 1983, 38); la-ú-um /raʿ/ (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 150) | VE 1061; Krebernik 1983, 38; Sanmartín GlOS 2, 150 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

HALOT keeps II rēaʿ 'friend' (1253) and II rʿh 'to associate with' (1262) apart from I rʿh 'to shepherd, pasture' (1258); the pasture verb is 454. \| PES \*marʕāt- 'bride, daughter-in-law' (Gez. marʕāt, Tgr. märʕat, Tna. märʕat, Amh. mərat, Sod. märat, Wol. märat) is derived from PWS \*rʕw 'to join, to put together', with Gez. ʾarʕut 'yoke' (Kogan 2015, ch. 7 §4.1 no. 9).

## Linked from

- [R](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/r/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/r/61_friend_associate_with/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.