# \*ŝam(ŝam)-: 'sun' 1, 'sun-heat' 2

> Proto-Semitic *ŝam(ŝam)-, 'sun' 1, 'sun-heat' 2: reflexes in 15 language(s).

A page of the Linear A Lexicon's research wiki, in [Wiki](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/index.md>) › [Kaphtor Semitic Roots](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/index.md>) › [ś](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/sin/index.md>). Updated 2026-10-22.

## Root

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | \*ŝam(ŝam)- |
| Meaning | 'sun' 1, 'sun-heat' 2 |
| Basis | SED |
| SED | SEDonline semet 1489 |

## Reflexes

| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | šams- 1; aš-šams 'the sun; the body of the solar light, that runs its course in the firmament' 1 (Lane 1597) | Lane 1597 |  |
| Soqotri | šam |  |  |
| Akkadian | šamšu 1 (CAD Š/1 335; AHw 1158) | CAD Š/1 335; AHw 1158 | gloss withheld |
| Tigre | šämš 1 |  |  |
| Ugaritic | špš /šapšu/ 1 (Huehnergard 2012, 157; DULAT 824); DN (DULAT 824) | Huehnergard 2012 157; DULAT 824 | gloss withheld |
| Phoenician | šmš (Krahmalkov 472); šmš (T 325) | Krahmalkov 472; T 325 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | šemeš 1; (?) pl. šǝbīs-īm (HALOT 1392, 1393) | HALOT 1392, 1393 | gloss withheld |
| Epigraphic South Arabian | šmŝ 1; Sab šms 1 (Biella 518); s²ms¹-n 1 (SD 133) | Biella 518; SD 133 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | šemš- 1 (Payne Smith 586) | Payne Smith 586 |  |
| Aramaic | šimšā (OLA80 §30.5) | OLA80 §30.5 | gloss withheld |
| Punic | šmš (T 325) | T 325; Anderson–Moser 2024 root šamš | gloss withheld |
| Amorite | śamśum (Gelb AS 21, 31); ŝapŝ(um); šamšu, šapšu (Buck 2019, 333) | Gelb AS 21 31; Buck 2019, 333 | gloss withheld |
| Jibbali | s̃um 2 (Kogan 2011, 193) | Kogan 2011 193 | gloss withheld |
| Eblaitic | sí-piš; si-piš (OLA80 §11.9, §13.2) | OLA80 §11.9, §13.2 | gloss withheld |
| Biblical Aramaic | \*šəmaš 1 (HALOT 1589) | HALOT 1589 | gloss withheld |

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

## Notes

Ebl. sí-piš and Ugr. špš &lt; \*šampšu, with p inserted after m (OLA80 §11.9); Kogan 2011, 193 calls the Ugr. p unexpected. Soqotri šam: ʸhom, šɔm 'sun; day' derives from \*yawm- (786), not from this root (SLOnline 7297).

## Linked from

- [ś](<https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/sin/index.md>)

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Page: https://linear-a.ai/wiki/semitic-roots/sin/1407_sun_1_sun_heat_2/
Licence: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as: di Mino, Tom. 2026. Linear A Lexicon. Plasma AI. https://linear-a.ai/. Data: kaphtor, commit add28e94.