Proto-Semitic root

*šakār-

‘drunk’ 1, ‘intoxicating drink, beer’ 2

di Mino’s gloss: to be drunk; strong drink, beer

In Linear A1 entry

SAśakarubeer, strong drink—logographic abbreviation of *śakaru/*šikaruCandidateSemitic4

Notes

Kaufman 1974, 59 n. 135 takes Akkadian šikāru as cognate with Aramaic škr and Hebrew šēkār, not a loan. Arabic sakar ‘wine; anything that intoxicates’ (Lane 1391; HALOT 1501) is another formation, originally the verbal noun (Lane 1391). Greek σίκερα is from the Semitic word (HALOT 1501).

Reflexes17 languages

East Semitic1

Akkadianšakāru 1 (AHw 1139)šikaru 2 (CAD Š/2 420; AHw 1232)šikāru(m), šikru(m) 2 (HALOT 1501)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root škr

Northwest Semitic6

AramaicŠKR 1 (Aramaic Root Atlas; CAL s.v. škr)EmpArm. škr 2 (HALOT 1501)CPArm. škr 2 (HALOT 1501)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root škr
Hebrewšakar 1 (BDB 1016)šēkār 2 (HALOT 1501)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root škr
Judaic Aramaicšikrā 2 (HALOT 1501)gloss withheld
Syrian Aramaicšakrā 2 (HALOT 1501; Payne Smith 577; SEDRA 3202)gloss withheld
Mandaic Aramaicšakra 2 (HALOT 1501)gloss withheld
Ugariticškr (DULAT 804)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root škr

Arabic1

Arabicsakira ‘drunk’ (Lane 1390)

Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian9

Geezsakra, sĕkūr (HALOT 1489, 1500)gloss withheld
Tigrešākĕr (HALOT 1489)šäkra (LGz. 497)gloss withheld
Soqotrisekir (LGz. 497)
Tigrinyasäḵärä (LGz. 497)
Amharicsäkkärä (LGz. 497)
Guragesäkärä (LGz. 497)
Hararisäxära [LHar 139]gloss withheld
Mehrisīkər (Kogan 2011, 241)
Jibbalisékər (Kogan 2011, 241)

† Gloss withheld: the cited dictionary’s licence is closed, so its form and page stand without its gloss.