*ŝam(ŝam)-: 'sun' 1, 'sun-heat' 2

Root

FieldValue
Reconstruction*ŝam(ŝam)-
Meaning'sun' 1, 'sun-heat' 2
BasisSED
SEDSEDonline semet 1489

Reflexes

LanguageFormSourcesNote
Arabicšams- 1; aš-šams 'the sun; the body of the solar light, that runs its course in the firmament' 1 (Lane 1597)Lane 1597
Soqotrišam
Akkadianšamšu 1 (CAD Š/1 335; AHw 1158)CAD Š/1 335; AHw 1158gloss withheld
Tigrešämš 1
Ugariticšpš /šapšu/ 1 (Huehnergard 2012, 157; DULAT 824); DN (DULAT 824)Huehnergard 2012 157; DULAT 824gloss withheld
Phoenicianšmš (Krahmalkov 472); šmš (T 325)Krahmalkov 472; T 325gloss withheld
Hebrewšemeš 1; (?) pl. šǝbīs-īm (HALOT 1392, 1393)HALOT 1392, 1393gloss withheld
Epigraphic South Arabianšmŝ 1; Sab šms 1 (Biella 518); s²ms¹-n 1 (SD 133)Biella 518; SD 133gloss withheld
Syrian Aramaicšemš- 1 (Payne Smith 586)Payne Smith 586
Aramaicšimšā (OLA80 §30.5)OLA80 §30.5gloss withheld
Punicšmš (T 325)T 325; Anderson–Moser 2024 root šamšgloss withheld
Amoriteśamśum (Gelb AS 21, 31); ŝapŝ(um); šamšu, šapšu (Buck 2019, 333)Gelb AS 21 31; Buck 2019, 333gloss withheld
Jibbalis̃um 2 (Kogan 2011, 193)Kogan 2011 193gloss withheld
Eblaiticsí-piš; si-piš (OLA80 §11.9, §13.2)OLA80 §11.9, §13.2gloss withheld
Biblical Aramaic*šəmaš 1 (HALOT 1589)HALOT 1589gloss withheld

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

Notes

Ebl. sí-piš and Ugr. špš < *šampšu, with p inserted after m (OLA80 §11.9); Kogan 2011, 193 calls the Ugr. p unexpected. Soqotri šam: ʸhom, šɔm 'sun; day' derives from *yawm- (786), not from this root (SLOnline 7297).

Updated 22 October 2026

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Linear A Lexicon