Proto-Semitic root

*ḳdm

‘to precede, be in front’

di Mino’s gloss: to precede, go before; former, ancient; east

In Linear A2 entries

Akkadianqudmu (qudumu, qadmu) (CAD Q 295)qudmû (CAD Q 296)gloss withheld
Eblaiticgú-ti-im /qudim/ (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341)ga-timIGI.TÙM = ga-ti-mu /ḳadim/ (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341)gloss withheld

Punicqdmqdmt (Krahmalkov 424)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root qdm
Ugariticqdm (Tropper UG §73.233.4)gloss withheld
Hebrewqdm, qadmā, qadmōnī (HALOT 1068, 1070, 1071)qedem (HALOT 1069)gloss withheld
Judaic Aramaicqdm, qadmā, qadmətā (HALOT 1068–1070)qdwm (HALOT 1067)gloss withheld
Aramaicqdm, qdmh, qdmt, qdmy (HALOT 1068–1071)
Syrian Aramaicqadmā, qudmā (HALOT 1069)qədīmā (HALOT 1067)gloss withheld
Mandaic Aramaicqadamta, qadumia (HALOT 1069)qdim(a) (HALOT 1067)
Phoenicianqdm (Krahmalkov 424)qdm (T 284)gloss withheld
Amoriteqdm: qadimatum, qadm(ān)um, qidm(ān)um, qudmum (Gelb AS 21, 29)aqdamātu: aq-da-ma-tim (ARM 27, 27: 10f.)aqdamu: aq-da-mi-ni-ma (Florilegium Marianum II, 216: 14') (Streck 2000, 84)qudm: PUZUR-qú-ud-ma, ad-mu-ku-ud-mi, an-nu-ku-ud-mi (Sanmartín GlOS 1, 341)gloss withheld
Biblical Aramaicqŏdām (HALOT BArm. s.v. קֳדָם)*qadmā (HALOT 1070)*qadmāy (HALOT BArm. s.v. קַדְמָי)gloss withheld

Pre-Islamic North ArabianSafaitic qdm (D) (Al-Jallad 2026, 111)gloss withheld
Arabicḳadam- 'the first stepstepfoot' (BK 2, 690)qadīm- ‘ancient, old’ (BK 2, 691)
Modern ArabicMec. gadamgloss withheld

Mehriḳǝdūm (Rubin 2018 129)gloss withheld
Geezqadama (LGz. 421)gloss withheld
Tigreqaddama (HALOT 1068)
Tigrinyaqädämä (LGz. 421)
Gurageqädämä (LGz. 421)
Argobbaqäddäma (LGz. 421)
Amharicqäddämä (LGz. 421)
Harariqädäma (LGz. 421)
East EthiopicSel. Wol. Zwy. ḳädä (EDG 473 apud SEDonline 331)gloss withheld
Soqotriḳédem (LS 367; CSOL I 585; Naumkin et al. 2015a:74; Naumkin et al. 2022:254 apud SEDonline 1601)gloss withheld

† Gloss withheld: the cited dictionary’s licence is closed, so its form and page stand without its gloss.