Proto-Semitic root
*ṣ̂VmVd-
‘bind, yoke, harness’ 1, ‘join, unite (in a pact)’ 2, ‘mace, club’ 3
di Mino’s gloss: to bind, yoke, harness; pair, team; ally
Record 411 ↗ · Basis: kaphtor
In Linear A1 entry
Notes
Sabaic PN ḍmd (Tairan 1992, 150); compound PN ʿmḍmd (Tairan 1992, 165–166). DULAT 773 files ‘mace or double axe’ under the noun ṣmd ‘pair’; Margalit (apud DULAT 773) separates ṣmd II ‘club’. Krahmalkov 417 compares Ug. ṣmd with Phoenician ṣmd ‘mace’ in KAI 24.15 bʿl ṣmd, the mace Kūsōr (Kothar) made for Baal.
Reflexes20 languages
East Semitic2
- Akkadianṣimdu (CAD Ṣ 196)ṣamādum (Huehnergard 1997 GAk, 519; AHw 1080)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd
- Eblaitica-za-me-du /ʔaṣammid/ (ARET V 1 obv. I 1, Kogan–Krebernik 2021b: 686 apud SEDonline 2021)a-za-me-du, mu-za-da /ṣ́-m-d/ 1 (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 285)gloss withheld
Northwest Semitic7
- Ugariticṣmd /ṣimdu/ (Huehnergard 2012, 156)ṣmd 3 (DULAT 773)gloss withheld
- Phoenicianṣmd 3, in bʿl ṣmd (Krahmalkov 417)gloss withheld
- Hebrewṣmdṣemed ‘couple’ (BDB 855)Anderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd
- Aramaicṣmd (Aramaic Root Atlas; CAL s.v. ṣmd)gloss withheldAnderson–Moser 2024 root ṣmd
- Syrian Aramaicṣəmad (HALOT 1032)
- Mandaic AramaicṢMD (HALOT 1032)
- Amoriteṣmd: ṣamidum (Gelb AS 21, 34)gloss withheld
Arabic1
- Arabicḍamada (HALOT 1032)miḍmad-at- (Lane 1803)ḍimd 2 (Lane 1802)gloss withheld
Epigraphic South Arabian1
- Epigraphic South ArabianSab ḍmd 2 (SD 41; Biella 435; Sabaweb lemma 4068)gloss withheld
Ethiopic and Modern South Arabian9
- Geezḍamada, taḍamda (HALOT 1032)
- Tigreṣamda (HALOT 1032)
- GurageCha. End. Enn. ṭämädä, Ezha Muh. Sod. ṭämmädä, Msq. Gog. dämmädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021)gloss withheld
- East EthiopicSel. Wol. Zwy. ṭämädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021)gloss withheld
- Gafatṭämädä (EDG 621 apud SEDonline 2021)gloss withheld
- Tigrinyaṣämädä (TED 2560 apud SEDonline 2021)gloss withheld
- Harariṭämäda [LHar 154]gloss withheld
- Amharicṭämmädä 1 (LGz. 150)gloss withheld
- Argobbaṭämmäda 1 (LGz. 150)gloss withheld
† Gloss withheld: the cited dictionary’s licence is closed, so its form and page stand without its gloss.