*ʾṯm: 'to fall into debt, to be guilty'

Root

FieldValue
Reconstruction*ʾṯm
Meaning'to fall into debt, to be guilty'
Basisproject

Reflexes

LanguageFormSourcesNote
Ugariticʾṯm (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1)Kogan 2015 ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1gloss withheld
Hebrewʾšm (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1)Kogan 2015 ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1gloss withheld
Arabicʾṯm, ʾiṯm-, ʾaṯām- (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1)Kogan 2015 ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1gloss withheld
Pre-Islamic North ArabianSafaitic ʾṯm (Al-Jallad 2026, 9)Al-Jallad 2026 9gloss withheld

A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.

Notes

PCS *ʾṯm 'to fall into debt, to be guilty' (Kogan 2015, ch. 3 §5.3 no. 1). Jib. ʾéṯəm 'sin' and, likely, Mhr. šəwṯūm, Jib. s̃ēṯəm are Arabic loans; Gez. ḥaŝama 'to be bad' is unrelated.

Updated 24 October 2026

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Linear A Lexicon