*malik-: 'king'
Root
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | *malik- |
| Meaning | 'king' |
| Basis | SED |
| SED | SEDonline semet 34 |
Reflexes
| Language | Form | Sources | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | malk-, malik- (Kogan 2015, ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38) | Kogan 2015 ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38 | |
| Akkadian | malku, maliku | ||
| Ugaritic | mlk (DULAT 544); mlk (DULAT 543); /malku/ (UVST 147) | DULAT 544; DULAT 543; UVST 147 | gloss withheld |
| Phoenician | mlk (Krahmalkov 285); mlkm; mlkh (T 181); mlkyt (T 182); mmlkt (Krahmalkov 293) | Krahmalkov 285; T 181; T 182; Krahmalkov 293 | gloss withheld |
| Hebrew | mäläk (Kogan 2015, ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38) | Kogan 2015 ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38 | |
| Amorite | Ma-la-ak-i-lī (OLA80 §38.10); malku, maliku, malakān, yamlik (Buck 2019, 329); mal(i)k: ma-li-ku; ma-li-ki, an-nu-ma-lik, ᵈda-gan-ma-lik (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 41) | OLA80 §38.10; Buck 2019, 329; Sanmartín GlOS 2, 41 | gloss withheld |
| Amharic | amlak (OLA80 §31.34) | OLA80 §31.34 | gloss withheld |
| Moabite | mlkty (OLA80 §40.6) | OLA80 §40.6 | gloss withheld |
| Aramaic | malkā (HALOT 591; Qumran 140 apud CAL) | HALOT 591; CAL | |
| Geez | malaka (LGz. 343); ʾamlāk (LGz. 344) | LGz. 343; LGz. 344 | gloss withheld |
| Jibbali | šimlak (LGz. 343) | LGz. 343 | gloss withheld |
| Syrian Aramaic | məlaḵ (LGz. 343; Payne Smith 277) | LGz. 343; Payne Smith 277 | gloss withheld |
| Mandaic Aramaic | mlk (LGz. 343; MD 273) | LGz. 343; MD 273 | gloss withheld |
| Tigre | mälka (LGz. 343) | LGz. 343 | gloss withheld |
| Tigrinya | mäläḵä (LGz. 343) | LGz. 343 | gloss withheld |
| Punic | mlk (Krahmalkov 285); mmlkt, mmlkʾt (T 184); Neo-Punic mlkt (Krahmalkov 290) | Krahmalkov 285; T 184; Krahmalkov 290 | gloss withheld |
| Epigraphic South Arabian | Sab mlk (Kogan 2015, ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38; Sabaweb lemma 1371); Qat. mlk (Ricks 1982 s.v. mlk) | Kogan 2015 ch. 2 §4.2 no. 38; Sabaweb lemma 1371; Ricks 1982 s.v. mlk | gloss withheld |
| Pre-Islamic North Arabian | Safaitic mlk (Al-Jallad–Jaworska 97); ʾmlk; Dadanitic mlk; Taymanitic mlk; Dumaitic mlk; Thamudic B mlk; Hasaitic mlk (Al-Jallad 2026, 91); Safaitic mlkt; ʾmlk; mlk (Al-Jallad 2026, 92) | Al-Jallad–Jaworska 97; Al-Jallad 2026 91; Al-Jallad 2026 92 | gloss withheld |
| Eblaitic | ma-li-gú-um /malikum/ (VE 1088; Krebernik 1983, 38); =ma-lik in names, passim /malk/; ma-li-gú-um /mal(i)k/ (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 39, 41); Bonechi 2008, 15 reads ma-li-gú-um /malīkum/ (= Sum. nam-en, VE 1088), beside du-da-li-gú-um /tumtallikum/ (= Sum. nam-nam-en, VE 1089) | VE 1088; Krebernik 1983, 38; Sanmartín GlOS 2, 39, 41; Bonechi 2008; VE 1089 | gloss withheld |
| Emar | ma-al-lu-ki, ma-al-lu-ku /malluku/ (Pentiuc 2001, 115) | Pentiuc 2001 115 | gloss withheld |
| Canaanite | mulk: mu-ul-ka (EA 333:20) (Sanmartín GlOS 2, 41) | Sanmartín GlOS 2, 41 | gloss withheld |
| Biblical Aramaic | melek (HALOT 591) | HALOT 591 | gloss withheld |
A form keeps its source's gloss only when the source is public domain or openly licensed.
Notes
Cf. 3326 *mlk 'queen', 3463 *ŝarr- 'king, prince, official'. Krahmalkov 290 compares Ar. milka with Neo-Punic mlkt 'property, wealth'.
Updated 22 October 2026