z
*zawaɣ-: 'deviate': Proto-Semitic *zawaɣ-, 'deviate': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zawal-: 'cease' 1, 'finish, complete' 2: Proto-Semitic *zawal-, 'cease' 1, 'finish, complete' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVnaḫ-: 'be rotten': Proto-Semitic *zVnaḫ-, 'be rotten': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zurayḳ ?: 'a certain bird': Proto-Semitic *zurayḳ ?, 'a certain bird': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zakan-: 'learn': Proto-Semitic *zakan-, 'learn': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zar-: 'tent': Proto-Semitic *zar-, 'tent': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zVḥVp-: 'drag oneself, creep, crawl': Proto-Semitic *zVḥVp-, 'drag oneself, creep, crawl': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVrVḳ-: 'throw' 1, 'dart' (v.) 2: Proto-Semitic *zVrVḳ-, 'throw' 1, 'dart' (v.) 2: reflexes in 9 language(s).
*zīp-: 'sheep': Proto-Semitic *zīp-, 'sheep': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zīr-: 'big vessel': Proto-Semitic *zīr-, 'big vessel': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zapp-/*zabb-: '(much) hair (on the head), bristle': Proto-Semitic *zapp-/*zabb-, '(much) hair (on the head), bristle': reflexes in 8 language(s).
*ʒVry/ʾ/ʕ- ~ *ǯVry/ʾ/ʕ 1, *ʒry/wʾ/ʕ ~ *ǯry/w/ʾ/ʕ 2: 'seed, sowing, sown field' 1, 'to sow, cultivate' 2: Proto-Semitic *ʒVry/ʾ/ʕ- ~ *ǯVry/ʾ/ʕ 1, *ʒry/wʾ/ʕ ~ *ǯry/w/ʾ/ʕ 2, 'seed, sowing, sown field' 1, 'to sow, cultivate' 2: reflexes in 29 language(s).
*zVnaʾ-: 'keep from urinating': Proto-Semitic *zVnaʾ-, 'keep from urinating': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zibl- {} *ʒibl-: 'dung': Proto-Semitic *zibl- {} *ʒibl-, 'dung': reflexes in 6 language(s).
*zam- {} *ʒam-: 'blood': Proto-Semitic *zam- {} *ʒam-, 'blood': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zar-at- {} *ʒar-at-: '(spread) hand; span': Proto-Semitic *zar-at- {} *ʒar-at-, '(spread) hand; span': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zīz- {} *ʒiʒ-: 'teat': Proto-Semitic *zīz- {} *ʒiʒ-, 'teat': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*z/ḏny {} *ʒ/ǯny: 'to fornicate': Proto-Semitic *z/ḏny {} *ʒ/ǯny, 'to fornicate': reflexes in 16 language(s).
*zīz-: 'kind of insect': Proto-Semitic *zīz-, 'kind of insect': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zVmr-: 'gazelle': Proto-Semitic *zVmr-, 'gazelle': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVrzVr-: 'starling': Proto-Semitic *zVrzVr-, 'starling': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zVʕVr-: 'be small': Proto-Semitic *zVʕVr-, 'be small': reflexes in 6 language(s).
*zahar-: 'moon': Proto-Semitic *zahar-, 'moon': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zhy: 'be bright, shine': Proto-Semitic *zhy, 'be bright, shine': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zayt-: 'olive, olive tree': Proto-Semitic *zayt-, 'olive, olive tree': reflexes in 11 language(s).
*zVmVl-: 'sack': Proto-Semitic *zVmVl-, 'sack': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVnVq-: 'bind': Proto-Semitic *zVnVq-, 'bind': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVnVḥ-: 'reject': Proto-Semitic *zVnVḥ-, 'reject': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zVḥVl-: 'crawl, creep': Proto-Semitic *zVḥVl-, 'crawl, creep': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVwVḥ-: 'depart': Proto-Semitic *zVwVḥ-, 'depart': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zVnbVr-: 'wasp': Proto-Semitic *zVnbVr-, 'wasp': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zVʿVq-: 'cry out': Proto-Semitic *zVʿVq-, 'cry out': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zhm: 'to be dirty, stink; to loathe': Proto-Semitic *zhm, 'to be dirty, stink; to loathe': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zqp: 'raise, lift up; erect': Proto-Semitic *zqp, 'raise, lift up; erect': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zVġVm-: 'curse, scold': Proto-Semitic *zVġVm-, 'curse, scold': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zāwiy-at-: 'corner': Proto-Semitic *zāwiy-at-, 'corner': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zVrVḳ-: 'blue, bright (of the eyes)': Proto-Semitic *zVrVḳ-, 'blue, bright (of the eyes)': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVʕVp-: 'be angry, rage': Proto-Semitic *zVʕVp-, 'be angry, rage': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zubb- {} *ʒubb-: '(male) genitalia': Proto-Semitic *zubb- {} *ʒubb-, '(male) genitalia': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zVbVy-: 'carry (load)': Proto-Semitic *zVbVy-, 'carry (load)': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zpn: 'to dance': Proto-Semitic *zpn, 'to dance': reflexes in 10 language(s).
*zhr: 'to go down': Proto-Semitic *zhr, 'to go down': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVl-t-: 'except, beside': Proto-Semitic *zVl-t-, 'except, beside': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zɣl: 'to adulterate; counterfeit, rust': Proto-Semitic *zɣl, 'to adulterate; counterfeit, rust': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zbd: 'gift': Proto-Semitic *zbd, 'gift': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVʕab-: 'cut, chop': Proto-Semitic *zVʕab-, 'cut, chop': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zVʾVp-: 'be cut off': Proto-Semitic *zVʾVp-, 'be cut off': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zwr: 'to turn, go around; to twist' 1, 'to turn aside, be estranged; strange' 2: Proto-Semitic *zwr, 'to turn, go around; to twist' 1, 'to turn aside, be estranged; strange' 2: reflexes in 12 language(s).
*zwn: 'to feed, provide food; food, provisions': Proto-Semitic *zwn, 'to feed, provide food; food, provisions': reflexes in 6 language(s).
*zhr: 'to shine, be bright' 1, 'to heed a warning, be cautious' 2: Proto-Semitic *zhr, 'to shine, be bright' 1, 'to heed a warning, be cautious' 2: reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zḫr: 'to swell, be full; to boast': Proto-Semitic *zḫr, 'to swell, be full; to boast': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zyf: 'to be proud, conceited; to boast': Proto-Semitic *zyf, 'to be proud, conceited; to boast': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zrḳ: 'javelin, short spear': Proto-Semitic *zrḳ, 'javelin, short spear': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zgr: 'to restrain, check, forbid': Proto-Semitic *zgr, 'to restrain, check, forbid': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zmm: 'to buzz, resound, make a confused sound': Proto-Semitic *zmm, 'to buzz, resound, make a confused sound': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zpp: 'to spread the wings': Proto-Semitic *zpp, 'to spread the wings': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zabul-: 'prince' 1, 'princely seat, exalted dwelling' 2: Proto-Semitic *zabul-, 'prince' 1, 'princely seat, exalted dwelling' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zbr: 'pitcher': Proto-Semitic *zbr, 'pitcher': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*ziw-: 'month Ziv': Proto-Semitic *ziw-, 'month Ziv': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zḥḥ: 'to overflow': Proto-Semitic *zḥḥ, 'to overflow': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zyd: 'to boil, be hot': Proto-Semitic *zyd, 'to boil, be hot': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zɣw: 'to low, bellow, bark': Proto-Semitic *zɣw, 'to low, bellow, bark': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*znq: 'to leap forth, spring; to spurt, throw': Proto-Semitic *znq, 'to leap forth, spring; to spurt, throw': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zrr: 'to press together, squeeze out': Proto-Semitic *zrr, 'to press together, squeeze out': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zmm: 'to muzzle, bridle' 1, 'nose-ring, ring' 2: Proto-Semitic *zmm, 'to muzzle, bridle' 1, 'nose-ring, ring' 2: reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zrm: 'to stop, cut short': Proto-Semitic *zrm, 'to stop, cut short': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zḳḳ: 'to filter, purify, refine': Proto-Semitic *zḳḳ, 'to filter, purify, refine': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zirr-: 'border, edge, frame' 1, 'necklace' 2, 'button' 3: Proto-Semitic *zirr-, 'border, edge, frame' 1, 'necklace' 2, 'button' 3: reflexes in 5 language(s).
*ziḳ(ḳ)-: 'spark, comet; fire-arrow': Proto-Semitic *ziḳ(ḳ)-, 'spark, comet; fire-arrow': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zwl: 'to be cheap, worthless; to sell cheaply; to lavish': Proto-Semitic *zwl, 'to be cheap, worthless; to sell cheaply; to lavish': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zwr: 'to press, squeeze; to crush' 1, 'fuller's rod, wringer; snare' 2: Proto-Semitic *zwr, 'to press, squeeze; to crush' 1, 'fuller's rod, wringer; snare' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zibn- 1 ~ *zabaz- 2: 'reed mat' 1, 'k. of grass used for basketwork' 2: Proto-Semitic *zibn- 1 ~ *zabaz- 2, 'reed mat' 1, 'k. of grass used for basketwork' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zarzīp-: 'drop of water': Proto-Semitic *zarzīp-, 'drop of water': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zVg-: 'grape-stone or grape-skin': Proto-Semitic *zVg-, 'grape-stone or grape-skin': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zabād-: 'civet cat, civet musk': Proto-Semitic *zabād-, 'civet cat, civet musk': reflexes in 6 language(s).
*zbṭ: 'to strike, beat; kick': Proto-Semitic *zbṭ, 'to strike, beat; kick': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zVkk-: 'march with small steps': Proto-Semitic *zVkk-, 'march with small steps': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zVyam-: 'interrupt': Proto-Semitic *zVyam-, 'interrupt': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zVm-: 'ponder, plan; fornication': Proto-Semitic *zVm-, 'ponder, plan; fornication': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zah(V)r-: 'elite': Proto-Semitic *zah(V)r-, 'elite': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zaw(V)g-: 'marry' 1, 'wife' 2, 'pair' 3: Proto-Semitic *zaw(V)g-, 'marry' 1, 'wife' 2, 'pair' 3: reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVwVb- ~ *ʾVzVb-: 'flow' 1, 'fill (a wine-skin)' 2, 'urinate' 3, 'river, stream, flood' 4: Proto-Semitic *zVwVb- ~ *ʾVzVb-, 'flow' 1, 'fill (a wine-skin)' 2, 'urinate' 3, 'river, stream, flood' 4: reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zaḫ(ḫ)-: 'shower': Proto-Semitic *zaḫ(ḫ)-, 'shower': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zahVr-: 'flower': Proto-Semitic *zahVr-, 'flower': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zVḳVm-: 'swallow': Proto-Semitic *zVḳVm-, 'swallow': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zaman-: 'time': Proto-Semitic *zaman-, 'time': reflexes in 13 language(s).
*zayad-: 'increase': Proto-Semitic *zayad-, 'increase': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zVwVʕ-: 'tremble of fear': Proto-Semitic *zVwVʕ-, 'tremble of fear': reflexes in 8 language(s).
*zVbVr-: 'prune': Proto-Semitic *zVbVr-, 'prune': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zVkVy-: 'clean': Proto-Semitic *zVkVy-, 'clean': reflexes in 10 language(s).
*zVlVg-: 'glide': Proto-Semitic *zVlVg-, 'glide': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zVlVl-: 'stupid', 'shake': Proto-Semitic *zVlVl-, 'stupid', 'shake': reflexes in 10 language(s).
*zVlVp-: 'pour': Proto-Semitic *zVlVp-, 'pour': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zVlVḥ-: 'pour': Proto-Semitic *zVlVḥ-, 'pour': reflexes in 5 language(s).
*zipt-: 'pitch': Proto-Semitic *zipt-, 'pitch': reflexes in 8 language(s).
*zVyVn-: 'adorn': Proto-Semitic *zVyVn-, 'adorn': reflexes in 4 language(s).
*zbd: 'raid, maraud; marauding party': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zbd, 'raid, maraud; marauding party': reflexes in 1 language(s).
*zhd: 'KIND OF LEGAL DOCUMENT, phps (STATEMENT OF) LACK': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zhd, 'KIND OF LEGAL DOCUMENT, phps (STATEMENT OF) LACK': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zḫn: 'be wounded', 'wound': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zḫn, 'be wounded', 'wound': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zʾd: 'INCREASE s.th': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zʾd, 'INCREASE s.th': reflexes in 2 language(s).
*zrp: 'party, troop of men; incursion, invasion': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zrp, 'party, troop of men; incursion, invasion': reflexes in 3 language(s).
*zwr: 'water diverters, distributors': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *zwr, 'water diverters, distributors': reflexes in 2 language(s).
Updated 5 November 2026