s

*salān-: 'thorn': Proto-Semitic *salān-, 'thorn': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sipVl-: 'bowl, boat': Proto-Semitic *sipVl-, 'bowl, boat': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVḥaḳ-: 'break, crush, grind' 1, 'to wear out' 2: Proto-Semitic *sVḥaḳ-, 'break, crush, grind' 1, 'to wear out' 2: reflexes in 12 language(s).

*sVw/ʾVd-: 'an aromatic plant (prob. Cyperus esculentus)': Proto-Semitic *sVw/ʾVd-, 'an aromatic plant (prob. Cyperus esculentus)': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*samiʾ-: 'wall sockle': Proto-Semitic *samiʾ-, 'wall sockle': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*simaḫ-: 'thorny bush': Proto-Semitic *simaḫ-, 'thorny bush': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sīr-: 'thorn, hook': Proto-Semitic *sīr-, 'thorn, hook': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVḫVl-: 'pierce': Proto-Semitic *sVḫVl-, 'pierce': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*suk-: 'stop up' 1, 'cover' 2, 'hut, den' 3: Proto-Semitic *suk-, 'stop up' 1, 'cover' 2, 'hut, den' 3: reflexes in 8 language(s).

*sVmVk-: 'cover; roof, height': Proto-Semitic *sVmVk-, 'cover; roof, height': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sVrw(-ay)- ~ (?) *sVran-: '(military) chief, prince': Proto-Semitic *sVrw(-ay)- ~ (?) *sVran-, '(military) chief, prince': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*sVgVʕ-: 'pierce': Proto-Semitic *sVgVʕ-, 'pierce': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVʕVy-: 'squeeze': Proto-Semitic *sVʕVy-, 'squeeze': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*saḫl-: 'cress': Proto-Semitic *saḫl-, 'cress': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sVlVḳ-: 'gather': Proto-Semitic *sVlVḳ-, 'gather': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*saḥm-: 'red, black': Proto-Semitic *saḥm-, 'red, black': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*samīd-: 'a type of groats' 1, 'fine flour' 2: Proto-Semitic *samīd-, 'a type of groats' 1, 'fine flour' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*saḫḫ-: 'meadow' 1, 'good land' 2: Proto-Semitic *saḫḫ-, 'meadow' 1, 'good land' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVwVr-: 'dance': Proto-Semitic *sVwVr-, 'dance': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sinʕ- ~ *ṯVn(n)-: 'pelvis, crotch, curve of thigh' 1, 'wrist, ankle' 2: Proto-Semitic *sinʕ- ~ *ṯVn(n)-, 'pelvis, crotch, curve of thigh' 1, 'wrist, ankle' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sVp-: 'rake up' 1, 'purify, refine' 2: Proto-Semitic *sVp-, 'rake up' 1, 'purify, refine' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVrsVr-: 'sharpen': Proto-Semitic *sVrsVr-, 'sharpen': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*s/ṣuḳl-: 'leg, thigh; elbow': Proto-Semitic *s/ṣuḳl-, 'leg, thigh; elbow': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*skk 1, *sikk-at- 2: 'to harrow' 1, 'harrowed land' 2: Proto-Semitic *skk 1, *sikk-at- 2, 'to harrow' 1, 'harrowed land' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*si/anṗ-: 'lung': Proto-Semitic *si/anṗ-, 'lung': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*si(n)ṭ-: 'flat hand with wrist': Proto-Semitic *si(n)ṭ-, 'flat hand with wrist': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*saḳʷāt- {} *caḳʷāt- // *saḳāt- {} *caḳāt-: 'kind of bird': Proto-Semitic *saḳʷāt- {} *caḳʷāt- // *saḳāt- {} *caḳāt-, 'kind of bird': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVḥ/ḫVṭ-: 'kind of insect': Proto-Semitic *sVḥ/ḫVṭ-, 'kind of insect': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVmVm(-at)-: 'kind of bird': Proto-Semitic *sVmVm(-at)-, 'kind of bird': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sā/ūs- {} *cā/ūc-: 'moth': Proto-Semitic *sā/ūs- {} *cā/ūc-, 'moth': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*SVbVy-: 'kind of insect': Proto-Semitic *SVbVy-, 'kind of insect': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*SVkk-: 'kind of small animal': Proto-Semitic *SVkk-, 'kind of small animal': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*SVlw-: 'quail': Proto-Semitic *SVlw-, 'quail': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*su/inūn(Vw/y)-at- {} *cu/inūn(Vw/y)-at-: 'swallow': Proto-Semitic *su/inūn(Vw/y)-at- {} *cu/inūn(Vw/y)-at-, 'swallow': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*sVwsVw- {} *cVwcVw-: 'horse': Proto-Semitic *sVwsVw- {} *cVwcVw-, 'horse': reflexes in 11 language(s).

*sur(u)m-: 'intestine': Proto-Semitic *sur(u)m-, 'intestine': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*Sud-: 'nape (of the neck)': Proto-Semitic *Sud-, 'nape (of the neck)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sakʷ-at: 'street, square, quarter; forum (held in a public square)': Proto-Semitic *sakʷ-at, 'street, square, quarter; forum (held in a public square)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*samm-: 'plant; poison': Proto-Semitic *samm-, 'plant; poison': reflexes in 11 language(s).

*sib- 3, 4 ~ *sibir- 1, 2 ~ (?) *sVbVr (or <*swr) 5: 'fortification' 3, 'outskirts of a city' 4, 'to fence off' 5: Proto-Semitic *sib- 3, 4 ~ *sibir- 1, 2 ~ (?) *sVbVr (or <*swr) 5, 'fortification' 3, 'outskirts of a city' 4, 'to fence off' 5: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sīl-at-: 'sand': Proto-Semitic *sīl-at-, 'sand': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sḥb: 'drag, pull (> cloud)': Proto-Semitic *sḥb, 'drag, pull (> cloud)': reflexes in 19 language(s).

*sVr-: 'flock of birds, swarm': Proto-Semitic *sVr-, 'flock of birds, swarm': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sabʾ-: 'man': Proto-Semitic *sabʾ-, 'man': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*sappīn-at-: 'ship, large vessel': Proto-Semitic *sappīn-at-, 'ship, large vessel': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*saḫ(V)l-: 'lamb': Proto-Semitic *saḫ(V)l-, 'lamb': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sapVr-: 'to count, recount, inscribe': Proto-Semitic *sapVr-, 'to count, recount, inscribe': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*sVtVr-: 'hide': Proto-Semitic *sVtVr-, 'hide': reflexes in 18 language(s).

*sVbVl-: 'carry': Proto-Semitic *sVbVl-, 'carry': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*sVgVp-: 'bend': Proto-Semitic *sVgVp-, 'bend': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVkVl-: 'be foolish': Proto-Semitic *sVkVl-, 'be foolish': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*sVmaq-: 'red': Proto-Semitic *sVmaq-, 'red': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVw/yVg-: 'fence': Proto-Semitic *sVw/yVg-, 'fence': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVḥVp-: 'drag': Proto-Semitic *sVḥVp-, 'drag': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sahl-: 'plain': Proto-Semitic *sahl-, 'plain': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVlap-: 'ruin': Proto-Semitic *sVlap-, 'ruin': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVnVd-: 'support': Proto-Semitic *sVnVd-, 'support': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVʕVp-: 'branch; lop off': Proto-Semitic *sVʕVp-, 'branch; lop off': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVpVq-: 'clap, slap': Proto-Semitic *sVpVq-, 'clap, slap': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*Simānu-: 'Sivan (Babylonian month III, early summer)': Proto-Semitic *Simānu-, 'Sivan (Babylonian month III, early summer)': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sVpVr-: 'bronze': Proto-Semitic *sVpVr-, 'bronze': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*slb: 'to wait': Proto-Semitic *slb, 'to wait': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sapp-: 'kind of vessel': Proto-Semitic *sapp-, 'kind of vessel': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*sdḳ: 'separate, split': Proto-Semitic *sdḳ, 'separate, split': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*sir-: 'mug' 1, 'pot, cooking pot, cauldron' 2: Proto-Semitic *sir-, 'mug' 1, 'pot, cooking pot, cauldron' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*slḥ: 'to forgive, pardon': Proto-Semitic *slḥ, 'to forgive, pardon': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sar: 'behind': Proto-Semitic *sar, 'behind': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sḫr: 'to turn, go around' 1, 'to seek' 2: Proto-Semitic *sḫr, 'to turn, go around' 1, 'to seek' 2: reflexes in 5 language(s).

*swr: 'to turn aside, remove' 1, 'to set (of the sun), sink' 2: Proto-Semitic *swr, 'to turn aside, remove' 1, 'to set (of the sun), sink' 2: reflexes in 5 language(s).

*swd: 'confidential talk; council': Proto-Semitic *swd, 'confidential talk; council': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*slʾ: 'to pay; tribute': Proto-Semitic *slʾ, 'to pay; tribute': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sigill-: '(sealed) registered possession, property' 1, 'to register' 2: Proto-Semitic *sigill-, '(sealed) registered possession, property' 1, 'to register' 2: reflexes in 9 language(s).

*spd: 'to mourn, lament': Proto-Semitic *spd, 'to mourn, lament': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sahw-: 'curtain': Proto-Semitic *sahw-, 'curtain': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sū-t-: 'garment' 1, 'covering, veil' 2: Proto-Semitic *sū-t-, 'garment' 1, 'covering, veil' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*spp: 'threshold, doorframe': Proto-Semitic *spp, 'threshold, doorframe': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*swṭ: 'to mix': Proto-Semitic *swṭ, 'to mix': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*slb: 'to take away by force, strip off, plunder': Proto-Semitic *slb, 'to take away by force, strip off, plunder': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sʕṭ: 'sweet odour; scented oil; to perfume, season with spices': Proto-Semitic *sʕṭ, 'sweet odour; scented oil; to perfume, season with spices': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sgm: 'mute, soundless': Proto-Semitic *sgm, 'mute, soundless': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*srb: 'to flow (of water); torrents, channels': Proto-Semitic *srb, 'to flow (of water); torrents, channels': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVn-: 'thorny bush': Proto-Semitic *sVn-, 'thorny bush': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sākin-: 'administrator, prefect, governor': Proto-Semitic *sākin-, 'administrator, prefect, governor': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*spʾ: 'to eat; to feed': Proto-Semitic *spʾ, 'to eat; to feed': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*spn: 'to cover' 1, 'roof, ceiling' 2: Proto-Semitic *spn, 'to cover' 1, 'roof, ceiling' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sullam-: 'ladder, stairs': Proto-Semitic *sullam-, 'ladder, stairs': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sarsūr-: 'broker': Proto-Semitic *sarsūr-, 'broker': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*srḥ: 'make stink, render offensive': Proto-Semitic *srḥ, 'make stink, render offensive': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*swʕ: 'time, hour': Proto-Semitic *swʕ, 'time, hour': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*spḥ: 'covering garment, robe, head covering': Proto-Semitic *spḥ, 'covering garment, robe, head covering': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*siʔn-: 'hem, band of cloth': Proto-Semitic *siʔn-, 'hem, band of cloth': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sikkān-: 'stela, statue': Proto-Semitic *sikkān-, 'stela, statue': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*skn: 'danger': Proto-Semitic *skn, 'danger': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*srr: 'to rejoice': Proto-Semitic *srr, 'to rejoice': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sass-: 'base, floor': Proto-Semitic *sass-, 'base, floor': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sinsin-: 'date panicle, date-palm branch': Proto-Semitic *sinsin-, 'date panicle, date-palm branch': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sarn-: 'axle': Proto-Semitic *sarn-, 'axle': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*srr: 'to be stubborn, rebellious' 1, 'to be unreliable, false' 2: Proto-Semitic *srr, 'to be stubborn, rebellious' 1, 'to be unreliable, false' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sql: 'to stone; to clear of stones': Proto-Semitic *sql, 'to stone; to clear of stones': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*swḫ: 'rubbish, mire': Proto-Semitic *swḫ, 'rubbish, mire': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sdd: 'to shut, block; block, barrier': Proto-Semitic *sdd, 'to shut, block; block, barrier': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*salʕ-: 'rock, cliff': Proto-Semitic *salʕ-, 'rock, cliff': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sgr: 'to fill with water; heavy rain': Proto-Semitic *sgr, 'to fill with water; heavy rain': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*spḥ: 'to pour out, shed (a libation)' 1, 'offering' 2: Proto-Semitic *spḥ, 'to pour out, shed (a libation)' 1, 'offering' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

*sīs-: 'swift (bird)': Proto-Semitic *sīs-, 'swift (bird)': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sll: 'track, highway': Proto-Semitic *sll, 'track, highway': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*swg: 'to move back, displace': Proto-Semitic *swg, 'to move back, displace': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVʕam-: 'kiss': Proto-Semitic *sVʕam-, 'kiss': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*sdy: 'help, benefit': Proto-Semitic *sdy, 'help, benefit': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*sim-sim-: 'sesame': Proto-Semitic *sim-sim-, 'sesame': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*sVbVʾ-/*sVʾab-: 'drink' 1, 'be satisfied with drinking' 2, 'buy wine in order to drink it' 3: Proto-Semitic *sVbVʾ-/*sVʾab-, 'drink' 1, 'be satisfied with drinking' 2, 'buy wine in order to drink it' 3: reflexes in 5 language(s).

*siway-: 'to be equal; to be worth, cost' 1, 'to set in order, place' 2: Proto-Semitic *siway-, 'to be equal; to be worth, cost' 1, 'to set in order, place' 2: reflexes in 6 language(s).

*sabab-: 'turn': Proto-Semitic *sabab-, 'turn': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*sadār-: 'order': Proto-Semitic *sadār-, 'order': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*sagar-: 'close' 1, 'to hand over' 2: Proto-Semitic *sagar-, 'close' 1, 'to hand over' 2: reflexes in 13 language(s).

*salad-: 'move?': Proto-Semitic *salad-, 'move?': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVmVl-: 'image': Proto-Semitic *sVmVl-, 'image': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVpVy-: 'abduct': Proto-Semitic *sVpVy-, 'abduct': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*satam-: 'stop': Proto-Semitic *satam-, 'stop': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*sVtVt-: 'careless': Proto-Semitic *sVtVt-, 'careless': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*suwp-: 'cease': Proto-Semitic *suwp-, 'cease': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*suwt-: 'incite': Proto-Semitic *suwt-, 'incite': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*sVʾVk-: 'crush': Proto-Semitic *sVʾVk-, 'crush': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVʿVd-: 'support': Proto-Semitic *sVʿVd-, 'support': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*sVḫVm-: 'press': Proto-Semitic *sVḫVm-, 'press': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*sVgVd-: 'prostrate': Proto-Semitic *sVgVd-, 'prostrate': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*sVmVk-: 'support': Proto-Semitic *sVmVk-, 'support': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*sult-: 'fine flour, semolina': Proto-Semitic *sult-, 'fine flour, semolina': reflexes in 6 language(s).

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