t

*tmm: '(to be) completed' 1, 'to last, remain' 2: Proto-Semitic *tmm, '(to be) completed' 1, 'to last, remain' 2: reflexes in 12 language(s).

*tVl-: 'deceive': Proto-Semitic *tVl-, 'deceive': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVnuḫ/ʾ-: 'stay, dwell, sit': Proto-Semitic *tVnuḫ/ʾ-, 'stay, dwell, sit': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVkVn-: 'weigh': Proto-Semitic *tVkVn-, 'weigh': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tuŝar-: 'bag': Proto-Semitic *tuŝar-, 'bag': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tann-: 'wooden bowl': Proto-Semitic *tann-, 'wooden bowl': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVnVšVH: 'something related to the metals': Proto-Semitic *tVnVšVH, 'something related to the metals': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tiHir-: 'courtier': Proto-Semitic *tiHir-, 'courtier': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVʾ-/*tVw-: 'eat': Proto-Semitic *tVʾ-/*tVw-, 'eat': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*talīm-: 'privileged brother': Proto-Semitic *talīm-, 'privileged brother': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVmVʾ-: 'swear': Proto-Semitic *tVmVʾ-, 'swear': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*taraḫ-: 'slope of a mine': Proto-Semitic *taraḫ-, 'slope of a mine': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tuḫal-: 'basket': Proto-Semitic *tuḫal-, 'basket': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tuḫ-: 'pour, pour too much': Proto-Semitic *tuḫ-, 'pour, pour too much': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVrVʾ-: 'lift': Proto-Semitic *tVrVʾ-, 'lift': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tVwVr-: 'turn' 1, 'go about, travel through; spy out' 2: Proto-Semitic *tVwVr-, 'turn' 1, 'go about, travel through; spy out' 2: reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tiʾal-: 'white cedar': Proto-Semitic *tiʾal-, 'white cedar': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVbaʕ-: 'rise, set out; follow': Proto-Semitic *tVbaʕ-, 'rise, set out; follow': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tVpVl-: 'to spit' 1, 'to say silly things' 2, 'unsalted, insipid' 3: Proto-Semitic *tVpVl-, 'to spit' 1, 'to say silly things' 2, 'unsalted, insipid' 3: reflexes in 5 language(s).

*tikk- ~ (?) *tinuk-: 'occiput, neck' 1 ~ (?) 'ear-lobe' 2: Proto-Semitic *tikk- ~ (?) *tinuk-, 'occiput, neck' 1 ~ (?) 'ear-lobe' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVlāʕ-: 'breast, nipple': Proto-Semitic *tVlāʕ-, 'breast, nipple': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*twb ~ *tbb: 'to spit, vomit': Proto-Semitic *twb ~ *tbb, 'to spit, vomit': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tpp: 'to spit': Proto-Semitic *tpp, 'to spit': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*tVrr-: 'kind of bird': Proto-Semitic *tVrr-, 'kind of bird': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*tukʷ(-ān)- ~ *kʷVt(-ān)-: 'bug; worm; larva': Proto-Semitic *tukʷ(-ān)- ~ *kʷVt(-ān)-, 'bug; worm; larva': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*tāʾ/y-: 'kind of antelope': Proto-Semitic *tāʾ/y-, 'kind of antelope': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tawliʕ(-at)-: 'worm': Proto-Semitic *tawliʕ(-at)-, 'worm': reflexes in 17 language(s).

*tayš- {} *tays-: 'he-goat': Proto-Semitic *tayš- {} *tays-, 'he-goat': reflexes in 14 language(s).

*tVkVr-: 'kind of bird': Proto-Semitic *tVkVr-, 'kind of bird': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tVrbal- ~ *bVrtal-: 'large hoofed animal': Proto-Semitic *tVrbal- ~ *bVrtal-, 'large hoofed animal': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tiʾin-: 'fig-tree': Proto-Semitic *tiʾin-, 'fig-tree': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*taʾ-: 'room': Proto-Semitic *taʾ-, 'room': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*tabin-: 'intelligent': Proto-Semitic *tabin-, 'intelligent': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVnnVn-: '(mythical) snake, dragon': Proto-Semitic *tVnnVn-, '(mythical) snake, dragon': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*taman-: 'snake, dragon': Proto-Semitic *taman-, 'snake, dragon': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*tan(a)n-: 'smoke': Proto-Semitic *tan(a)n-, 'smoke': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*tVkēl-at-: 'blue-purple dye (hyacinth)': Proto-Semitic *tVkēl-at-, 'blue-purple dye (hyacinth)': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*tVbVn-: 'straw, chaff': Proto-Semitic *tVbVn-, 'straw, chaff': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tihām-: 'deep, primordial ocean, abyss; Tiamat (DN)': Proto-Semitic *tihām-, 'deep, primordial ocean, abyss; Tiamat (DN)': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tVʾVm-: 'twin': Proto-Semitic *tVʾVm-, 'twin': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*tinnīt-: 'Tanit/Tinit (Punic goddess, face of Baal)': Proto-Semitic *tinnīt-, 'Tanit/Tinit (Punic goddess, face of Baal)': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tammūz-: 'Tammuz/Dumuzi (dying-and-rising vegetation god)': Proto-Semitic *tammūz-, 'Tammuz/Dumuzi (dying-and-rising vegetation god)': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*tarāp-: 'teraphim (household/ancestral gods; divinatory images)': Proto-Semitic *tarāp-, 'teraphim (household/ancestral gods; divinatory images)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVrn-: 'mast (of ship)': Proto-Semitic *tVrn-, 'mast (of ship)': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*Tašrītu-: 'Tishri (Babylonian month VII, autumn)': Proto-Semitic *Tašrītu-, 'Tishri (Babylonian month VII, autumn)': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*taʕal-at-: 'watercourse, channel': Proto-Semitic *taʕal-at-, 'watercourse, channel': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tVlm-: 'furrow': Proto-Semitic *tVlm-, 'furrow': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*tḳn: 'to be in order; to set right, establish': Proto-Semitic *tḳn, 'to be in order; to set right, establish': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tlw: 'to follow': Proto-Semitic *tlw, 'to follow': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*tikk-: 'kind of string': Proto-Semitic *tikk-, 'kind of string': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*taḳr-: 'stick, sceptre': Proto-Semitic *taḳr-, 'stick, sceptre': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tir-: 'stick with a hook': Proto-Semitic *tir-, 'stick with a hook': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tlk: 'to lead': Proto-Semitic *tlk, 'to lead': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tawr-: 'cross-beam': Proto-Semitic *tawr-, 'cross-beam': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tḫm: 'boundary': Proto-Semitic *tḫm, 'boundary': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*trṣ: 'to be straight, right; to set straight': Proto-Semitic *trṣ, 'to be straight, right; to set straight': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tappāʾ-: 'partner, colleague, friend, companion': Proto-Semitic *tappāʾ-, 'partner, colleague, friend, companion': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*turs-: 'shield' 1, 'door-bar' 2: Proto-Semitic *turs-, 'shield' 1, 'door-bar' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*twk: 'midst': Proto-Semitic *twk, 'midst': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*trḫ: 'espoused': Proto-Semitic *trḫ, 'espoused': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*trf: 'to remain': Proto-Semitic *trf, 'to remain': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*taʕr-: 'sheath': Proto-Semitic *taʕr-, 'sheath': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tušiyy-at-: 'success, triumph': Proto-Semitic *tušiyy-at-, 'success, triumph': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tīyat-: 'a medicinal plant, crowfoot': Proto-Semitic *tīyat-, 'a medicinal plant, crowfoot': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*trr: 'to tremble, shake': Proto-Semitic *trr, 'to tremble, shake': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVhw-: 'desert, wasteland': Proto-Semitic *tVhw-, 'desert, wasteland': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tpś: 'to seize, lay hold of': Proto-Semitic *tpś, 'to seize, lay hold of': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tmh: 'to be astonished, amazed': Proto-Semitic *tmh, 'to be astonished, amazed': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*tuʾr-: 'appearance, form': Proto-Semitic *tuʾr-, 'appearance, form': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tVḳtVḳ-: 'advance quickly': Proto-Semitic *tVḳtVḳ-, 'advance quickly': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tir-/*tur-: 'hurry, hasten' 1, 'run fast' 2: Proto-Semitic *tir-/*tur-, 'hurry, hasten' 1, 'run fast' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*taw-: 'mark, sign': Proto-Semitic *taw-, 'mark, sign': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tll: 'wart': Proto-Semitic *tll, 'wart': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tuk-: 'press' 1, 'cut, destroy' 2: Proto-Semitic *tuk-, 'press' 1, 'cut, destroy' 2: reflexes in 6 language(s).

*tVk-tVk-: 'trample': Proto-Semitic *tVk-tVk-, 'trample': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVyVz-: 'pierce and tremble (of arrow)': Proto-Semitic *tVyVz-, 'pierce and tremble (of arrow)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVkVs-: 'trample': Proto-Semitic *tVkVs-, 'trample': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVm-tVm-: 'strike, knock': Proto-Semitic *tVm-tVm-, 'strike, knock': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVmVš-: 'squeeze in': Proto-Semitic *tVmVš-, 'squeeze in': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVrVk-: 'beat': Proto-Semitic *tVrVk-, 'beat': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVr-: 'tear, cut off' 1, 'be separated' 2, 'to drive away, banish' 3: Proto-Semitic *tVr-, 'tear, cut off' 1, 'be separated' 2, 'to drive away, banish' 3: reflexes in 9 language(s).

*tVr-: 'push gently': Proto-Semitic *tVr-, 'push gently': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tVm-tVm-: 'stammer' 1, 'grumble' 2: Proto-Semitic *tVm-tVm-, 'stammer' 1, 'grumble' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tul-: 'pronounce distinctly' 1, 'recite' 2: Proto-Semitic *tul-, 'pronounce distinctly' 1, 'recite' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tīr-: 'part of the building': Proto-Semitic *tīr-, 'part of the building': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVrVʾ/y ~ *tVwVr-: 'fill (a vessel)' 1, 'flow' 2, 'drip' 3: Proto-Semitic *tVrVʾ/y ~ *tVwVr-, 'fill (a vessel)' 1, 'flow' 2, 'drip' 3: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tyʕ- ~ *twy: 'flow' 1, 'pour (of rain)' 2: Proto-Semitic *tyʕ- ~ *twy, 'flow' 1, 'pour (of rain)' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*tam(V)r-: 'palm tree': Proto-Semitic *tam(V)r-, 'palm tree': reflexes in 14 language(s).

*tur(V)b-: 'earth, dust': Proto-Semitic *tur(V)b-, 'earth, dust': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*taw-an-: 'hunger': Proto-Semitic *taw-an-, 'hunger': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tall-/*till-: 'hill': Proto-Semitic *tall-/*till-, 'hill': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*tVwVy-: 'be ill': Proto-Semitic *tVwVy-, 'be ill': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVʕab-: 'be tired': Proto-Semitic *tVʕab-, 'be tired': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVlVy-: 'hang' 1, 'quiver-belt, weapon' 2: Proto-Semitic *tVlVy-, 'hang' 1, 'quiver-belt, weapon' 2: reflexes in 8 language(s).

*tVmVk-: 'hold': Proto-Semitic *tVmVk-, 'hold': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*timāl-: 'yester': Proto-Semitic *timāl-, 'yester': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*tVnVr-: 'furnace': Proto-Semitic *tVnVr-, 'furnace': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*top-: 'drum': Proto-Semitic *top-, 'drum': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*tapar-: 'sew': Proto-Semitic *tapar-, 'sew': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVpVḥ-: 'apple': Proto-Semitic *tVpVḥ-, 'apple': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*tVyVh-: 'fear': Proto-Semitic *tVyVh-, 'fear': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*tVʾ-: 'guardroom': Proto-Semitic *tVʾ-, 'guardroom': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVʾVb-: 'desire': Proto-Semitic *tVʾVb-, 'desire': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*tVḥVt-: 'beneath': Proto-Semitic *tVḥVt-, 'beneath': reflexes in 19 language(s).

*tīrāṯ-: 'new wine, must, grape juice': Proto-Semitic *tīrāṯ-, 'new wine, must, grape juice': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*tšʿ: 'nine': Proto-Semitic *tšʿ, 'nine': reflexes in 18 language(s).

*tlp: 'perish': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *tlp, 'perish': reflexes in 2 language(s).


Updated 5 November 2026

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Linear A Lexicon