KU-RO

total, sum (accounting term)

First proposed by Cyrus H. Gordon, Evidence for the Minoan Language (1966), §117, §118.

𐙂KUAB8150 entries 𐘁ROAB0226 entries

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Reading: kull
Confidence: Confirmed
Root: *kʷall- ‘all’ 1, ‘to complete, make perfect’ 2, ‘to…’
Kind: Administrative
Language: Semitic
Rank: #1 of the top 100

Compared forms

Eblaitegú-lu-ma kull=um=ma, kul-a kullat ‘totality’ (GlOS 1, 305)

Attestations33 cited

HT 9a 3DKU-RO 31 ³⁄₄total
HT 9b 3DKU-RO 24total
HT 11aKU-RO 10total
HT 11bKU-RO 180total
HT 13KU-RO 130 ¹⁄₂total, 130½
HT 25bKU-RO 16
HT 27a 3DKU-RO 335total
HT 39KU-RO *414+A 100

Commentary

Function fixed corpus-internally by final or section-final position and by arithmetic. HT 89 is the control: 23+22+24+13+5=87, KU-RO 87. The Semitic comparison is *kull- ‘all, entirety’; Rendsburg reads ku-ro /kull-/ ‘all’ (Rendsburg 2026, 203 n. 4). Linear B normally writes TO-SO for ‘total’. Complements KI-RO ‘owed, outstanding’ in Linear A accounting. See KU.

On the 3D inscriptions14 inscriptions

HT 85aHaghia Triadaku-ro HT 122a–bHaghia Triada2×ku-ro…ku-ro HT 123+124aHaghia Triada2×…ku-ro…ku-ro HT 119Haghia Triadaku-ro HT 102Haghia Triadaku-ro HT 88Haghia Triada…ku-ro