ṣ

*ṣVpVʾ-/*ṣVpVw-: 'be clean': Proto-Semitic *ṣVpVʾ-/*ṣVpVw-, 'be clean': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣūṣ-: 'chick' 1, 'kind of bird' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣūṣ-, 'chick' 1, 'kind of bird' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVḥ-: 'be dry': Proto-Semitic *ṣVḥ-, 'be dry': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ʾi-ṣVr-: 'load (n.)': Proto-Semitic *ʾi-ṣVr-, 'load (n.)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣib-: 'kind of clothes': Proto-Semitic *ṣib-, 'kind of clothes': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVḥ-: 'be white' 1, 'shimmer' 2, 'be clear' 3: Proto-Semitic *ṣVḥ-, 'be white' 1, 'shimmer' 2, 'be clear' 3: reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣVwat-: 'shout': Proto-Semitic *ṣVwat-, 'shout': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣVpVy-: 'observe': Proto-Semitic *ṣVpVy-, 'observe': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣVrVḫ-: 'warm' (v.): Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVḫ-, 'warm' (v.): reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣiwār-: 'flock (of wild kine or bulls)': Proto-Semitic *ṣiwār-, 'flock (of wild kine or bulls)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVr-: 'press together, wrap; besiege, confine': Proto-Semitic *ṣVr-, 'press together, wrap; besiege, confine': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣibār-: 'pointed tool': Proto-Semitic *ṣibār-, 'pointed tool': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVrVp-: 'burn': Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVp-, 'burn': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣV[ʕ]Vr-: 'snake': Proto-Semitic *ṣV[ʕ]Vr-, 'snake': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣih(V)r-: 'son-in-law' 1, 'brother-in-law' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣih(V)r-, 'son-in-law' 1, 'brother-in-law' 2: reflexes in 1 language(s).

*(ʕi-)ṣVl-: 'intestines': Proto-Semitic *(ʕi-)ṣVl-, 'intestines': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣin-: 'thorn': Proto-Semitic *ṣin-, 'thorn': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣibʕ-(at-), *ʾV-ṣbaʕ- {} *c̣ibʕ-(at-), *ʾa-c̣ibaʕ-: 'finger': Proto-Semitic *ṣibʕ-(at-), *ʾV-ṣbaʕ- {} *c̣ibʕ-(at-), *ʾa-c̣ibaʕ-, 'finger': reflexes in 27 language(s).

*ṣirnaɣ-at- {} *c̣irnaɣ-at-: '(kind of) skin disease': Proto-Semitic *ṣirnaɣ-at- {} *c̣irnaɣ-at-, '(kind of) skin disease': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣawʾar- {} *c̣awʾar-: 'neck': Proto-Semitic *ṣawʾar- {} *c̣awʾar-, 'neck': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣmm {} *c̣mm: 'to be deaf': Proto-Semitic *ṣmm {} *c̣mm, 'to be deaf': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣarṣar-: 'grasshopper, locust': Proto-Semitic *ṣarṣar-, 'grasshopper, locust': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣVlṣVl-: '(wild) dove': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlṣVl-, '(wild) dove': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣVl-: 'kind of bird of prey': Proto-Semitic *ṣVl-, 'kind of bird of prey': reflexes in 7 language(s).

*ṣVp(p)Vr-: '(kind of small) bird': Proto-Semitic *ṣVp(p)Vr-, '(kind of small) bird': reflexes in 15 language(s).

*ṣipaʕ-: 'snake': Proto-Semitic *ṣipaʕ-, 'snake': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣill-: 'adder': Proto-Semitic *ṣill-, 'adder': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVɣVr-: 'be small' 1, 'young servant, boy' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVɣVr-, 'be small' 1, 'young servant, boy' 2: reflexes in 15 language(s).

*ṣVwVr-: 'stand (and carry?)': Proto-Semitic *ṣVwVr-, 'stand (and carry?)': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*ṣyʾ: 'to be filthy, dirty': Proto-Semitic *ṣyʾ, 'to be filthy, dirty': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*ṣinn-at-: 'cold': Proto-Semitic *ṣinn-at-, 'cold': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣmy: 'die': Proto-Semitic *ṣmy, 'die': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣlḥ: 'to be or do well, be successful': Proto-Semitic *ṣlḥ, 'to be or do well, be successful': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*ṣdḳ: 'to be just, true': Proto-Semitic *ṣdḳ, 'to be just, true': reflexes in 17 language(s).

*ṣnʕ: 'to make, act skillfully; be strong, firm': Proto-Semitic *ṣnʕ, 'to make, act skillfully; be strong, firm': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣahab-: 'to gleam, be yellowish': Proto-Semitic *ṣahab-, 'to gleam, be yellowish': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVbVġ-: 'to dip, dye': Proto-Semitic *ṣVbVġ-, 'to dip, dye': reflexes in 11 language(s).

*ṣVpVn-: 'north; Mt. Zaphon (divine mountain)': Proto-Semitic *ṣVpVn-, 'north; Mt. Zaphon (divine mountain)': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣidq-: 'righteousness, justice': Proto-Semitic *ṣidq-, 'righteousness, justice': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣalm-: 'image, statue, likeness': Proto-Semitic *ṣalm-, 'image, statue, likeness': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*ṣVl(l)- ~ *ṣVwl-: 'to float over deep waters; fountain': Proto-Semitic *ṣVl(l)- ~ *ṣVwl-, 'to float over deep waters; fountain': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*ṣVḥVr-: 'be reddish': Proto-Semitic *ṣVḥVr-, 'be reddish': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣVbVḥ-: 'morning': Proto-Semitic *ṣVbVḥ-, 'morning': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*ṣnr: 'hook, pipe': Proto-Semitic *ṣnr, 'hook, pipe': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣrk: 'to need, lack': Proto-Semitic *ṣrk, 'to need, lack': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣaɣlaf(-at)-: 'leaf': Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣlaf(-at)-, 'leaf': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣlp: 'to shine, to be bright': Proto-Semitic *ṣlp, 'to shine, to be bright': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣaṭ(a)r-: 'basket': Proto-Semitic *ṣaṭ(a)r-, 'basket': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣpḥ: 'press flat, spread out': Proto-Semitic *ṣpḥ, 'press flat, spread out': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*ṣmḳ: 'to press, squeeze; to dry up, shrivel': Proto-Semitic *ṣmḳ, 'to press, squeeze; to dry up, shrivel': reflexes in 12 language(s).

*ṣyr: 'door pivot, hinge': Proto-Semitic *ṣyr, 'door pivot, hinge': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣVlVl-: 'ravine, wadi': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlVl-, 'ravine, wadi': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣaprir-: 'flower': Proto-Semitic *ṣaprir-, 'flower': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣtt: 'to watch': Proto-Semitic *ṣtt, 'to watch': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣḥr: 'to brand': Proto-Semitic *ṣḥr, 'to brand': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣrb: 'to cut' 1, 'to reap, harvest; autumn harvest' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣrb, 'to cut' 1, 'to reap, harvest; autumn harvest' 2: reflexes in 10 language(s).

*ṣwb: 'to be fitting, right; to be straight': Proto-Semitic *ṣwb, 'to be fitting, right; to be straight': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣbw: 'to wish, desire': Proto-Semitic *ṣbw, 'to wish, desire': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣwn: 'to protect, preserve': Proto-Semitic *ṣwn, 'to protect, preserve': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣlw: 'to roast': Proto-Semitic *ṣlw, 'to roast': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣdd: 'to turn aside, turn away': Proto-Semitic *ṣdd, 'to turn aside, turn away': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣdd: 'side': Proto-Semitic *ṣdd, 'side': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣyd ~ *zwd: 'provisions for a journey; to provision': Proto-Semitic *ṣyd ~ *zwd, 'provisions for a journey; to provision': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣlṣl: 'to ring, clink; cymbal': Proto-Semitic *ṣlṣl, 'to ring, clink; cymbal': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣry: 'to protect, guard; to decide': Proto-Semitic *ṣry, 'to protect, guard; to decide': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣrp: 'silver': Proto-Semitic *ṣrp, 'silver': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣrr: 'bag, purse': Proto-Semitic *ṣrr, 'bag, purse': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣrr: 'lizard': Proto-Semitic *ṣrr, 'lizard': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣwɣ: 'to cast (metal) in a mould': Proto-Semitic *ṣwɣ, 'to cast (metal) in a mould': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣpr: 'to whistle, chirp': Proto-Semitic *ṣpr, 'to whistle, chirp': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣwy: 'to be dry, wither; dry land': Proto-Semitic *ṣwy, 'to be dry, wither; dry land': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣdɣ: 'temple (of the head)': Proto-Semitic *ṣdɣ, 'temple (of the head)': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣrʕ: 'leaf of a folding door; door, gate': Proto-Semitic *ṣrʕ, 'leaf of a folding door; door, gate': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣlw: 'to incline, turn aside; to incline the ear, listen': Proto-Semitic *ṣlw, 'to incline, turn aside; to incline the ear, listen': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣdp: 'precipice, cliff; side of a mountain': Proto-Semitic *ṣdp, 'precipice, cliff; side of a mountain': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣpḳ: 'to be dense, compact, close in texture': Proto-Semitic *ṣpḳ, 'to be dense, compact, close in texture': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣḥḥ: 'to be healthy, sound; to restore to health; health, order': Proto-Semitic *ṣḥḥ, 'to be healthy, sound; to restore to health; health, order': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣbr: 'to heap up (grain); heap' 1, 'clan, community, congregation' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣbr, 'to heap up (grain); heap' 1, 'clan, community, congregation' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣil-ṣal-: 'harpune': Proto-Semitic *ṣil-ṣal-, 'harpune': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣaḥn- {} *ṣaḥl-: 'bowl, dish': Proto-Semitic *ṣaḥn- {} *ṣaḥl-, 'bowl, dish': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣpy: 'to overlay, plate, cover': Proto-Semitic *ṣpy, 'to overlay, plate, cover': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣīṣīt-: 'tassel' 1, 'lock of hair' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣīṣīt-, 'tassel' 1, 'lock of hair' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVlVm- {} *c̣VlVm-: 'kind of insect': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlVm- {} *c̣VlVm-, 'kind of insect': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣwʕ: 'bowl, basin': Proto-Semitic *ṣwʕ, 'bowl, basin': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣbb: 'to pay down (money)': Proto-Semitic *ṣbb, 'to pay down (money)': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣyḥ: 'to level (land)': Proto-Semitic *ṣyḥ, 'to level (land)': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣlw: 'to pray; prayer': Proto-Semitic *ṣlw, 'to pray; prayer': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣrf: 'to spend; expenses': Proto-Semitic *ṣrf, 'to spend; expenses': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣawlag-: 'stick': Proto-Semitic *ṣawlag-, 'stick': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣhy: 'thirst; drought': Proto-Semitic *ṣhy, 'thirst; drought': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVṣ-: 'salt-field, salt-works' 1, 'salt' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVṣ-, 'salt-field, salt-works' 1, 'salt' 2: reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣupp-: 'white sheep (of a special breed)': Proto-Semitic *ṣupp-, 'white sheep (of a special breed)': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣml: 'to be hard, dried up; dried-out draff': Proto-Semitic *ṣml, 'to be hard, dried up; dried-out draff': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣrp: 'to dye red; reddish dye': Proto-Semitic *ṣrp, 'to dye red; reddish dye': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣḥn: 'to stink, be filthy; stench': Proto-Semitic *ṣḥn, 'to stink, be filthy; stench': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣwṣ: 'to look, gaze; to shine': Proto-Semitic *ṣwṣ, 'to look, gaze; to shine': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣpṣp: 'to twitter, chirp': Proto-Semitic *ṣpṣp, 'to twitter, chirp': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣapṣāp-: 'willow': Proto-Semitic *ṣapṣāp-, 'willow': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣġw: 'to bend, bow' 1, 'to lie down' 2, 'to tilt (a vessel)' 3: Proto-Semitic *ṣġw, 'to bend, bow' 1, 'to lie down' 2, 'to tilt (a vessel)' 3: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣīṣ-: 'flower, blossom; rosette, ornament' 1, 'bush, shrub' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣīṣ-, 'flower, blossom; rosette, ornament' 1, 'bush, shrub' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣyr ~ *ṣrr: 'to tower, be high' 1, 'height(s)' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣyr ~ *ṣrr, 'to tower, be high' 1, 'height(s)' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣyr: 'to come, reach' 1, 'messenger' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣyr, 'to come, reach' 1, 'messenger' 2: reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣbt: 'to join, connect; to adorn' 1, 'sheaf of corn' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣbt, 'to join, connect; to adorn' 1, 'sheaf of corn' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣlḥ-īt-: 'small bottle': Proto-Semitic *ṣlḥ-īt-, 'small bottle': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣʿl: 'to rebuke, reproach': Proto-Semitic *ṣʿl, 'to rebuke, reproach': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣḥb: 'to associate, become allied': Proto-Semitic *ṣḥb, 'to associate, become allied': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣll: 'percolate, filter': Proto-Semitic *ṣll, 'percolate, filter': reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣVpn-: 'pitcher, vessel for drawing water': Proto-Semitic *ṣVpn-, 'pitcher, vessel for drawing water': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣpn: 'throw down': Proto-Semitic *ṣpn, 'throw down': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣbw: 'swell': Proto-Semitic *ṣbw, 'swell': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣbṣb: 'cut, divide': Proto-Semitic *ṣbṣb, 'cut, divide': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVlʕ-: 'rock, reef, boulder': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlʕ-, 'rock, reef, boulder': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣḥb: 'oppress, importune': Proto-Semitic *ṣḥb, 'oppress, importune': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣʔṣʔ: 'honor, revere, submit': Proto-Semitic *ṣʔṣʔ, 'honor, revere, submit': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣnp: 'border, edge, hem': Proto-Semitic *ṣnp, 'border, edge, hem': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣwb: 'to pour out, drain': Proto-Semitic *ṣwb, 'to pour out, drain': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣwy: 'to speak, inform': Proto-Semitic *ṣwy, 'to speak, inform': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVraʕ-: 'throw': Proto-Semitic *ṣVraʕ-, 'throw': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVwVl-: 'rush at, jump at' 1, 'jump in fright' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVwVl-, 'rush at, jump at' 1, 'jump in fright' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVdaʕ-: 'split': Proto-Semitic *ṣVdaʕ-, 'split': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVr-: 'cut, split' 1, 'separate' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVr-, 'cut, split' 1, 'separate' 2: reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣVʕaḳ-: 'shout' 1, 'call' (v.) 2, 'thunder' (v.) 3: Proto-Semitic *ṣVʕaḳ-, 'shout' 1, 'call' (v.) 2, 'thunder' (v.) 3: reflexes in 8 language(s).

*ṣVw/yVḥ-: 'shout, call': Proto-Semitic *ṣVw/yVḥ-, 'shout, call': reflexes in 10 language(s).

*ṣir-: 'shout': Proto-Semitic *ṣir-, 'shout': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣad-: 'shout': Proto-Semitic *ṣad-, 'shout': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣabar-: 'ice': Proto-Semitic *ṣabar-, 'ice': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣaḥraʾ-: 'desert': Proto-Semitic *ṣaḥraʾ-, 'desert': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣaḥ-ṣaḥ-: 'plot of land': Proto-Semitic *ṣaḥ-ṣaḥ-, 'plot of land': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣhl: 'to shine, gleam': Proto-Semitic *ṣhl, 'to shine, gleam': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVt-: 'hot ashes' 1, 'set fire' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVt-, 'hot ashes' 1, 'set fire' 2: reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVday-: 'be thirsty, craving': Proto-Semitic *ṣVday-, 'be thirsty, craving': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVwad/*ṣVyad-: 'hunt (v.), take, catch' 1, 'fish' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVwad/*ṣVyad-, 'hunt (v.), take, catch' 1, 'fish' 2: reflexes in 16 language(s).

*ṣawān-: 'flint, quartz': Proto-Semitic *ṣawān-, 'flint, quartz': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣahal-: 'noise': Proto-Semitic *ṣahal-, 'noise': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣVlVb-: 'impale': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlVb-, 'impale': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣVlVʾ-: 'insult': Proto-Semitic *ṣVlVʾ-, 'insult': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣVmVq-: 'raisin': Proto-Semitic *ṣVmVq-, 'raisin': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣamat-: 'destroy': Proto-Semitic *ṣamat-, 'destroy': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣanam-: 'thin?': Proto-Semitic *ṣanam-, 'thin?': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣanap-: 'wrap': Proto-Semitic *ṣanap-, 'wrap': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣapad-: 'bind': Proto-Semitic *ṣapad-, 'bind': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVpVʿ-: 'slap': Proto-Semitic *ṣVpVʿ-, 'slap': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣarab-: 'scorch': Proto-Semitic *ṣarab-, 'scorch': reflexes in 3 language(s).

*ṣVrVm-: 'pluck': Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVm-, 'pluck': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣVrVʿ-: 'leprous': Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVʿ-, 'leprous': reflexes in 4 language(s).

*ṣVrVḥ-: 'room': Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVḥ-, 'room': reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣVrVḫ-: 'shout' 1, 'aid, succour' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣVrVḫ-, 'shout' 1, 'aid, succour' 2: reflexes in 17 language(s).

*ṣVʾ-: 'filth': Proto-Semitic *ṣVʾ-, 'filth': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVʾVl-: 'argue': Proto-Semitic *ṣVʾVl-, 'argue': reflexes in 1 language(s).

*ṣVʿVd-: 'go': Proto-Semitic *ṣVʿVd-, 'go': reflexes in 5 language(s).

*ṣVḥVp-: 'write': Proto-Semitic *ṣVḥVp-, 'write': reflexes in 9 language(s).

*ṣwm-: 'to fast, abstain from food' 1, 'fasting' 2: Proto-Semitic *ṣwm-, 'to fast, abstain from food' 1, 'fasting' 2: reflexes in 6 language(s).

*ṣbn: 'REMOVE, TURN AWAY': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *ṣbn, 'REMOVE, TURN AWAY': reflexes in 2 language(s).

*ṣdġ: 'MANIFESTATION': Epigraphic South Arabian headword *ṣdġ, 'MANIFESTATION': reflexes in 2 language(s).

---